Methodology of Temperature Monitoring in the Process of CNC Machining of Solid Wood

Igaz, Rastislav; Kminiak, Richard; Krišťák, Ľuboš; Němec, Miroslav; Gergeľ, Tomáš

doi:10.3390/su11010095

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During production, thermally modified wood is processed with the same machining operations as unmodified wood. It is necessary to be familiar with the behavior of thermally modified wood in these processes [12][13][14][15]. While there is an increasing amount of performance data for thermally modified tree species, there is limited quantitative information about the machining and processing qualities of thermally modified wood compared to unmodified wood [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Očkajová

Kučerka

Kminiak

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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During production, thermally modified wood is processed using the same machining operations as unmodified wood. Machining wood is always accompanied with the creation of dust particles. The smaller they become, the more hazardous they are. Employees are exposed to a greater health hazard when machining thermally modified wood because a considerable amount of fine dust is produced under the same processing conditions than in the case of unmodified wood. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) states that wood dust causes cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and of the nasopharynx. Wood dust is also associated with toxic effects, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, dermatitis, and respiratory system effects which include decreased lung capacity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and allergic reactions. In our research, granular composition of particles resulting from the process of longitudinal milling of heat-treated oak and spruce wood under variable conditions (i.e., the temperature of modification of 160, 180, 200 and 220 °C and feed rate of 6, 10 and 15 m.min−1) are presented in the paper. Sieve analysis was used to determine the granular composition of particles. An increase in fine particle fraction when the temperature of modification rises was confirmed by the research. This can be due to the lower strength of thermally modified wood. Moreover, a different effect of the temperature modification on granularity due to the tree species was observed. In the case of oak wood, changes occurred at a temperature of 160 °C and in the case of spruce wood, changes occurred at the temperatures of 200 and 220 °C. At the temperatures of modification of 200 and 220 °C, the dust fraction (i.e., that occurred in the mesh sieves, particles with the size ≤ 0.08 mm) ranged from 2.99% (oak wood, feed rate of 10 m.min−1) to 8.07% (spruce wood, feed rate of 6 m.min−1). Such particles might have a harmful effect on employee health in wood-processing facilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Očkajová

Kučerka

Kminiak

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…During wood processing, dust is created as a by-product [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], and plays a negative role in assessing the risk of fire [8] or explosion [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Wood fust also poses a significant risk to the health of the human body [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical Wood Dusts—Granulometry, Morfology and Ignition Temperature

et al. 2020

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The article considers the granulometric analysis of selected samples of tropical wood dust from cumaru (Dipteryx odorata), padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii), ebony (Diospyros crassiflora), and marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum) using a Makita 9556CR 1400 W grinder and K36 sandpaper, for the purpose of selecting the percentages of the various fractions (<63; 63; 71; 200; 315; 500 μm) of wood dust samples. Tropical wood dust samples were made using a hand orbital sander Makita 9556CR 1400 W, and sized using the automatic mesh vibratory sieve machine Retsch AS 200 control. Most dust particles (between 50–79%) from all wood samples were under 100 μm in size. This higher percentage is associated with the risk of inhaling the dust, causing damage to the respiratory system, and the risk of a dust-air explosive mixture. Results of granulometric fractions contribution of tropical woods sanding dust were similar. Ignition temperature was changed by particle sizes, and decreased with a decrease in particle sizes. We found that marblewood has the highest minimum ignition temperature (400–420 °C), and padauk has the lowest (370–390 °C).

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“…The formed chip is a polydispersive bulk mass consisting of coarse, medium coarse, and dust fractions. Wood dust with a grain size in interval 1-500 µm [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] is a hygroscopic, low abrasive, explosive bulk mass. The ratio of dust particles depends on the characteristics of the processed material, the parameters of the tool, as well as the technical and technological parameters of the machining process [27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sycamore Maple Thermal Treatment on a Granulometric Composition of Chips Obtained due to Processing on a CNC Machining Mentre

Kminiak

Dzurenda

2019

Sustainability

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This article deals with a granulometric composition of chips from the milling process of native and thermal treatment maple cuttings on a 5-axial Computer numerical control (CNC) machining center SCM Tech Z5. The aim of this article was to determine the changes in the granulometric composition of chips due to the thermal treatment of wood and to assess the potential risk of the creation of harmful dust fractions. Cuttings were milled with a shank cutter with exchangeable razor blades at feed speed vf = 1 ÷ 5 m·min−1 and material removal e = 3 mm. The thermal treatment in order to modify the color of the maple wood was done with water vapour at temperatures of tI = 112.5 ± 2.5 °C for a period of τ = 5.5 h (Mode I), tII = 127.5 ± 2.5 °C for a period of τ = 6.5 h (Mode II), and tIII = 137.5 ± 2.5 °C for a period of τ = 7.5 h (Mode III). The granulometric composition of the chips was detected by sifting. A granulometric analysis of the chips provided that more than 2/3 of the produced chips are a coarse fraction consisting of flat chips with dimensions over 1 mm. Dust fractions smaller than 500 μm form isometric grains, i.e., chips having approximately the same size in all three dimensions. Inhalable dust particles, smaller than 125 μm, do not exceed a 2.5% share. The granulometric analysis of chips shows that the thermal treatment of maple wood does not create respirable fractions, and therefore, the thermal treatment of the wood does not have a negative impact on the living and working environments.

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Methodology of Temperature Monitoring in the Process of CNC Machining of Solid Wood

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Tropical Wood Dusts—Granulometry, Morfology and Ignition Temperature

Impact of Sycamore Maple Thermal Treatment on a Granulometric Composition of Chips Obtained due to Processing on a CNC Machining Mentre

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