Methodology of the electrochemical hydrogen permeation test: A parametric evaluation

Eeckhout, E. Van den; Verbeken, Kim; Depover, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.04.211

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…153 Rendulic 154 studied the influence of point defects and foreign atoms on H 2 adsorption on Ni, and also analyzed the influence of stepped surfaces, which have been extensively investigated as catalyst promoters due to the increase in the sticking coefficient. 122 At a larger scale, the influence of surface roughness has also been analyzed in many studies, especially from permeation tests 155,156 but also numerically. 157 A rough surface involves a larger specific area and a higher number of adsorption sites but a possible reduction in the effective charging current.…”

Section: H Entry During Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Yu,

Díaz,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Hydrogen is considered a clean and efficient energy carrier crucial for shaping the net-zero future. Large-scale production, transportation, storage, and use of green hydrogen are expected to be undertaken in the coming decades. As the smallest element in the universe, however, hydrogen can adsorb on, diffuse into, and interact with many metallic materials, degrading their mechanical properties. This multifaceted phenomenon is generically categorized as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). HE is one of the most complex material problems that arises as an outcome of the intricate interplay across specific spatial and temporal scales between the mechanical driving force and the material resistance fingerprinted by the microstructures and subsequently weakened by the presence of hydrogen. Based on recent developments in the field as well as our collective understanding, this Review is devoted to treating HE as a whole and providing a constructive and systematic discussion on hydrogen entry, diffusion, trapping, hydrogen–microstructure interaction mechanisms, and consequences of HE in steels, nickel alloys, and aluminum alloys used for energy transport and storage. HE in emerging material systems, such as high entropy alloys and additively manufactured materials, is also discussed. Priority has been particularly given to these less understood aspects. Combining perspectives of materials chemistry, materials science, mechanics, and artificial intelligence, this Review aspires to present a comprehensive and impartial viewpoint on the existing knowledge and conclude with our forecasts of various paths forward meant to fuel the exploration of future research regarding hydrogen-induced material challenges.

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Section: H Entry During Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a larger scale, the influence of surface roughness has also been analyzed in many studies, especially from permeation tests , but also numerically . A rough surface involves a larger specific area and a higher number of adsorption sites but a possible reduction in the effective charging current …”

Section: Knowledge Base About Hementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Yu,

Díaz,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…To clarify the effect of hydrogen on the tensile properties of the materials, we should pay attention to the concentration of hydrogen atoms rather than the hydrogen charging current density. Therefore, we used electrochemical hydrogen permeation experiments to determine the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the different materials at different hydrogen-charging current densities [40][41][42][43]. The hydrogen permeation curves of the materials with different heat inputs at different hydrogen charging current densities are shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Tensile Properties Of Cghaz With Different Heat Inputs At Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Induced Cracking in CGHAZ of Welded X80 Steel under Tension Load

Gou

Xing

Chen

et al. 2023

Metals

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X80 steel is extensively used in hydrogen environments and is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). This paper studied the hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of X80 steel welds, through applying in situ hydrogen-charging tensile experiments, hydrogen permeation experiments, and various surface analysis techniques. It is shown that a few hydrogen atoms can significantly decrease a material’s elongation and reduction of area. When the heat input (HI) was 29.2 kJ/cm, the material had minor sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement. The tensile fractures were ductile without hydrogen. However, the fracture surface exhibited brittle fracture with hydrogen. With increased HI, the HE fracture showed a transition of intergranular fracture→intergranular and transgranular mixed fracture→transgranular fracture. In the presence of hydrogen, the grain boundaries of elongated strips were prone to the formation of intergranular cracks under a tension load, and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of the bulk lath bainite (LB) was weak. The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of pure granular bainite (GB) was lower. Fine LB and GB composite structures could remarkably inhibit intergranular cracks, giving the steel a superior resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

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“…To investigate this problem, many researchers have used various experimental methods to permeate hydrogen. The most commonly used methods are electrochemical hydrogen charging method and high-pressure hydrogen gas testing method (ISO 15105 solid-gas testing method) [ 12 , 13 ]. Electrochemical hydrogen charging method, also known as cathodic hydrogen charging method, involves applying a cathodic DC current to the specimen to generate hydrogen at the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrogen permeation on the mechanical characteristics of electroless nickel-plated free-cutting steel for application to the hydrogen valves of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles

Shin,

Kim

2024

PLoS ONE

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Electroless nickel plating is a suitable technology for the hydrogen industry because electroless nickel can be mass-produced at a low cost. Investigating in a complex environment where hydrogen permeation and friction/wear work simultaneously is necessary to apply it to hydrogen valves for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this research, the effects of hydrogen permeation on the mechanical characteristics of electroless nickel-plated free-cutting steel (SUM 24L) were investigated. Due to the inherent characteristics of electroless nickel plating, the damage (cracks and delamination of grain) and micro-particles by hydrogen permeation were clearly observed at the grain boundaries and triple junctions. In particular, the cracks grew from grain boundary toward the intergranualr. This is because the grain boundaries and triple junctions are hydrogen permeation pathways and increasing area of the hydrogen partial pressure. As a result, its surface roughness increased by a maximum of two times, and its hardness and adhesion strength decreased by hydrogen permeation. In particular, hydrogen permeation increased the friction coefficient of the electroless nickel-plated layer, and the damage caused by adhesive wear was significantly greater, increasing the wear depth by up to 5.7 times. This is believed to be due to the decreasing in wear resistance of the electroless nickel plating layer damaged by hydrogen permeation. Nevertheless, the Vickers hardness and the friction coefficient of the electroless nickel plating layer were improved by about 3 and 5.6 times, respectively, compared with those of the free-cutting steel. In particular, the electroless nickel-plated specimens with hydrogen embrittlement exhibited significantly better mechanical characteristics and wear resistance than the free-cutting steel.

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Methodology of the electrochemical hydrogen permeation test: A parametric evaluation

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Hydrogen-Induced Cracking in CGHAZ of Welded X80 Steel under Tension Load

Effects of hydrogen permeation on the mechanical characteristics of electroless nickel-plated free-cutting steel for application to the hydrogen valves of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles

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