Methods and Techniques for Measuring Gas Emissions from Agricultural and Animal Feeding Operations

Hu, Enzhu; Babcock, Esther; Bialkowski, Stephen E.; Jones, Scott B.; Tuller, Markus

doi:10.1080/10408347.2013.843055

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…The advantage of micrometeorological techniques (Denmead, 1983;Wilson et al, 1983;Sanz et al, 2010;Turner et al, 2010;Carozzi et al, 2013) is that they do not modify the measurement environment. In principle, it is therefore recommended to use micrometeorological methods to produce regional NH 3 emission factors, and wind tunnels are recommended when comparing treatments under similar environmental conditions (Sommer et al, 2004;Hu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ammonia emission measured using wind tunnels compared with micrometeorological techniques

Sommer

Misselbrook

2015

Soil Use and Management

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Ammonia (NH3) emission from livestock manure constitutes a loss of crop‐available nitrogen (N) and poses a threat to the environment. Therefore, low NH3 emission slurry application technologies have been developed, the reduction efficiency of which has typically been estimated through measurements using wind tunnels or integrated horizontal flux (IHF) micrometeorological techniques. A recovery of 100% of released NH3 can be obtained if wind tunnels are designed to avoid pulses of wind into the tunnel through the canopy opening and leaks from the tunnels. The NH3 emission measured with wind tunnels adjusted to an air flow of 1 m/s deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from the emission measured using IHF methods, which are generally considered to give reliable emission estimates for ambient conditions. If wind tunnel air flow was adjusted to the ambient wind speed at height 0.25–0.30 m, then measured emissions were not significantly different from those measured using IHF methods. Wind tunnels influence the air flow pattern and cause turbulent convection in the air layers above the emitting surface, so the similarity in measured emissions for the two measuring techniques is perhaps surprising. This may be because the soil surface resistance to NH3 transport is often the most important rate‐regulating variable, so that the absence of a laminar boundary air layer resistance as caused by wind tunnels is of minor importance. It is concluded that the wind tunnels are well suited to test the emission reduction efficiency of new technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ammonia emission measured using wind tunnels compared with micrometeorological techniques

Sommer

Misselbrook

2015

Soil Use and Management

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“…Original Research Article: Estimation of methane emissions based on crop yield and remote sensing data Y Shi et al Numerous methodologies have been put forward for estimating agricultural GHG, including static chamber-gas chromatography, eddy covariance, and mechanistic and empirical regression models. 6,7 Static chamber-gas chromatograph measurements usually consume more time and physical labor, disturb plant growth with gas sampling, and are subject to weather limitations. 8 The advantage of static chamber-gas chromatograph is that it is suitable for diverse vegetation conditions.…”

Section: Whichmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous methodologies have been put forward for estimating agricultural GHG, including static chamber‐gas chromatography, eddy covariance, and mechanistic and empirical regression models . Static chamber‐gas chromatograph measurements usually consume more time and physical labor, disturb plant growth with gas sampling, and are subject to weather limitations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of methane emissions based on crop yield and remote sensing data in a paddy field

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2020

Greenhouse Gases

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Quantifying agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is important for addressing global warming. In this regard, empirical models were constructed to evaluate the feasibility of using rice yield and canopy spectral properties for estimating paddy cumulative methane (CH4) emissions (CCE). A field experiment with shading treatments was conducted in 2017. A static chamber‐gas chromatography was used to measure CH4 fluxes during the growing season. Canopy hyperspectral reflectance was measured and then used to calculate the multispectral normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the ratio vegetation index (RVI), and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). The results show that CH4 emissions were positively correlated to rice yield and biomass, indicating that higher biomass provided more substrates for CH4 generation. O2 availability maybe a main factor in the CCE differences under shading treatments. RVI and EVI showed a stronger positive relationship to CH4 emissions than NDVI. The empirical model including yield and EVI‐JS (EVI of jointing‐booting stage) as input variables performed better (adj‐R2 = 0.85, root mean square error [RMSE] = 12.26 kg ha−1) than the model that included only yield (adj‐R2 = 0.5, RMSE = 22.5 kg ha−1). This study suggests that it is feasible to apply remote sensing in paddy CH4 estimation, providing a referable attempt for future regional agricultural GHG emissions quantification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The complexity of processes and environmental variables affecting trace gas emissions impedes accurate and reliable quantification of gas fluxes (Hu et al, 2014). Among measurement techniques, the use of flux chambers represents the smallest scale (<1 m 2 ) and the most popular technique (Denmead, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of vertical radial plume mapping technique in measuring lagoon gas emissions

Viguria

Stone

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The need for developing accurate and feasible measuring techniques for fugitive gas emission from animal waste lagoons is vital for livestock gas inventories and implementation of mitigation strategies. This field lagoon gas emission study demonstrated that the EPA's vertical radial plume mapping (VRPM) technique can be used to accurately measure lagoon gas emission with two downwind vertical concentration planes surrounding the lagoon.

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Methods and Techniques for Measuring Gas Emissions from Agricultural and Animal Feeding Operations

Cited by 30 publications

References 119 publications

A review of ammonia emission measured using wind tunnels compared with micrometeorological techniques

A review of ammonia emission measured using wind tunnels compared with micrometeorological techniques

Estimation of methane emissions based on crop yield and remote sensing data in a paddy field

Accuracy of vertical radial plume mapping technique in measuring lagoon gas emissions

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