Methods for Assessing the Cushioning Performance of Freestall Dairy Cow Synthetic Beds

Tierney, G.; Thomson, Robert Dundas

doi:10.13031/2013.12542

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A study done in Scotland (Tierney and Thomson, 2003) compared rubber-filled mattresses and rubber mats and reported similar results. Rubber-filled mattresses were found to be softer than new ethylene vinyl acetate mats.…”

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confidence: 73%

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Use of Impact Testing to Predict Softness, Cow Preference, and Hardening Over Time of Stall Bases

Fulwider

Palmer

2004

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to assess the softness and durability of commercially available free-stall bases, and to determine the relationship of stall base softness to cow preference. Clegg impact values were recorded at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arlington Agricultural Research Station on June 19, 2002, and again on July 24, 2003. The Clegg Impact Soil Tester (model 95051, Lafayette Instruments, Lafayette, IN) with a 20-kg hammer was used in this study. The impact of the hammer on the free-stall base results in a digital display based on peak deceleration of the hammer's impact with the free-stall base in tens of gravities (CIV/H). The CIV/H value, as measured by the Clegg Impact hammer, is based on peak deceleration of the 20-kg hammer's impact with the surface, from a height of 30 cm. Clegg impact measures were highly correlated with cow preference measurements. This relationship suggests that Clegg impact measures of compressibility were good indicators for predicting stall-base acceptance. A cork mattress, 4 foam mattresses, 4 rubber mattresses, 4 rubber mats, and a waterbed were evaluated in this study. Foam-based mattresses lost cushioning ability faster than rubber mattresses or rubber mats. Clegg impact values increased over the 13-mo time period for most stall base types, which indicated a tendency of stall bases to harden.

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confidence: 73%

“…Cows also spend more time lying on softer mattresses, reducing injuries to both knees and hocks (Tucker and Weary, 2001). Impact injury potential and lifetime cushioning performance of free-stall beds must be taken into account, as they represent a significant investment for producers (Tierney and Thomson, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Impact Testing to Predict Softness, Cow Preference, and Hardening Over Time of Stall Bases

Fulwider

Palmer

2004

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In this field have been working the groups of Tierney (Tierney and Thomson, 2003), Belie (Franck et al, 2008), Jofriet (Thomason et al, 2005;Salo et al, 2010) and Hinterhofer (Hinterhofer et al, 2009).…”

Section: Finite Element Methods In Buildings and Infrastructures Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and future of the numerical methods in buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering

Ayuga

2015

J Agricult Engineer

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Biosystem engineering is a discipline resulting from the evolution of the traditional agricultural engineering to include new engineering challenges related with biological systems, from the cell to the environment. Modern buildings and infrastructures are needed to satisfy crop and animal production demands. In this paper a review on the status of numerical methods applied to solve engineering problems in the field of buildings and infrastructures in biosystem engineering is presented. The history and basic background of the finite element method is presented. This is the first numerical method implemented and also the more developed one. The history and background of other two more recent methods, with practical applications, the computer fluids dynamics and the discrete element method are also presented. Besides, a review on the scientific and professional applications on the field of buildings and infrastructures for biosystem engineering needs is presented. Today we can simulate engineering problems with solids, engineering problems with fluids and engineering problems with particles and get to practical solutions faster and cheaper than in the past. The paper encourages young engineers and researchers to make progress these tools and their engineering applications. The capacities of all numerical methods in their present development status go beyond the present practical applications. There is a broad field to work on it. IntroductionThe present paper is a review of the numerical methods at present and their applications in solving engineering problems. The field is too wide to be considered in a single article. This is why the paper focuses on presenting the fundamentals of the most significant numerical methods that can be applied for buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering. The three next numerical methods will be considered: i) finite element method (FEM); ii) computer fluid dynamics (CFD); iii) discrete element method (DEM).In the paper the main features of these methods will be presented along with showing some examples in areas of biosystems engineering. Modern engineering can be considered to begin with the industrial revolution in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. From the very beginning, it has used the most powerful mathematical tools of the time in order to solve problems arising in practice. It was considered a fact that it was essential acquiring solid mathematical foundations for being a good engineer. The programs of studies from all Universities of the time prove it so. Even great figures on mathematics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were formally engineers. This symbiosis has produced good results for society. In the second half of XX Century, the fast development of computer science produced a great advance in numerical methods applied to physics and engineering.Based on this premise, the predictable future is that calculation and structural analysis in all fields of engineering will be based on modern numerical methods. This power...

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“…39,40 The hyperfoam model has become the most commonly used model to study the mechanical properties of rubber materials. 41,42 Studies on the mechanical properties of the porous polymer materials using the hyperfoam model are also reported. 43,44 Since the stress-strain curves of rubber and RHPU grouting materials are similar, 16,42 the hyperfoam model holds the potential in studying the mechanical properties of RHPU grouting materials, which, however, is not yet described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41,42 Studies on the mechanical properties of the porous polymer materials using the hyperfoam model are also reported. 43,44 Since the stress-strain curves of rubber and RHPU grouting materials are similar, 16,42 the hyperfoam model holds the potential in studying the mechanical properties of RHPU grouting materials, which, however, is not yet described. In addition, the equation form of the hyperfoam model is a polynomial containing exponential terms with at least three unknown parameters, 43 making it inconvenient for practical engineering applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the mechanical properties and constitutive model of the roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting materials under uniaxial compression

Fang

Zheng

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyurethane grouting materials are increasingly used in the non-excavation rehabilitation of roadbeds. The compressive strength of roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane (RHPU) grouting materials is the key to achieving the desirable repair effect, whereas the constitutive model of RHPU grouting materials is not yet understood. Here, the mechanical properties of RHPU grouting materials under compression were experimentally investigated, followed by establishing the hyperfoam constitutive model. The variation laws of the critical parameters in the model with density were function fitted, and then the constitutive model was simplified as an equation of density as the single independent variable. The comparisons between the theoretical and experimental mechanical behavior of RHPU grouting materials were discussed to illustrate the applicability of the hyperfoam constitutive model. Results show that with the increasing density, both the yield strength (σ 1 ), elastic modulus (E 1 ), and secant modulus (E s ) increases exponentially, and the Poisson's ratio (v) increases logarithmically. The maximum increase in σ 1 , E 1 , E s , and v are about 750%, 720%, 940%, and 50%, respectively. Compared to the effects of density on the mechanical properties, the effect of loading rate is much smaller, and the side length has no effect. For RHPU samples with a density not exceeding 0.35 g/cm 3 , the hyperfoam model can well describe the uniaxial compression mechanical behavior, but for those whose density exceeds 0.35 g/cm 3 , the model can only describe the mechanical behavior before yielding. The theoretical yield strength of the RHPU samples obtained from the model is close to the experimental value (with differences of about 0.1%-14.4%). This study provides a base to evaluate the compressive strength of the practically used RHPU grouting materials based on the density.

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Methods for Assessing the Cushioning Performance of Freestall Dairy Cow Synthetic Beds

Cited by 5 publications

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Use of Impact Testing to Predict Softness, Cow Preference, and Hardening Over Time of Stall Bases

Use of Impact Testing to Predict Softness, Cow Preference, and Hardening Over Time of Stall Bases

Present and future of the numerical methods in buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering

Study of the mechanical properties and constitutive model of the roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting materials under uniaxial compression

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Methods for Assessing the Cushioning Performance of Freestall Dairy Cow Synthetic Beds

Cited by 5 publications

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Use of Impact Testing to Predict Softness, Cow Preference, and Hardening Over Time of Stall Bases

Use of Impact Testing to Predict Softness, Cow Preference, and Hardening Over Time of Stall Bases

Present and future of the numerical methods in buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering

Study of the mechanical properties and constitutive model of the roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting materials under uniaxial compression

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Product

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Methods for Assessing the Cushioning Performance of Freestall Dairy Cow Synthetic Beds