Methods for determining the number of closed cells in rigid sprayed polyurethane foam

Gravit, V. Marina; Ogidan, O.T.; Znamenskaya, Elena

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201819303027

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As listed in Table 3, the RSPF block has a thermal conductivity of 0.033 W/m•K, which falls within the standard values of EPS foams according to ISO 4898 [41]. The main factor contributing to the low thermal conductivity of the RSPF and EPS foams is the trapped air inside the foam cells [43].…”

Section: Physical and Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Characterization and Application of Rice Straw-Based Polyurethane Foam Blocks for Soil Erosion Control

Maravillas,

Omisol,

Abilay

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Soil erosion, a global problem, degrades land quality and increases pollution and sedimentation in bodies of water. This study propounds a new material to mitigate soil erosion using rice straw-based polyurethane foam (RSPF) blocks as a potential replacement for commercially available expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam in slope stabilization. RSPF was synthesized via a conventional one-shot foaming method with 15% rice straw-based polyol content. The RSPF blocks have an average density of 43.29 kg/m3, average compressive strength of 184.55 kPa, closed cell content of 88.4%, and water absorption capacity of 262% that can effectively reduce water runoff. These properties are comparable to EPS foams according to ASTM D6817, except for the high absorption capacity of RSPF. This added feature allows the foam to act as topsoil protection by reducing runoff. In slope stabilization and topsoil protection applications, the effectiveness of the RSPF blocks in reducing soil loss was tested in both simulated and natural rainfall events with different land slope degrees, rain intensities, and soil covers. Results show that the use of RSPF in the simulated setup with a heavy rain intensity of 80 mm/h reduced the soil loss by 61.5%, 22.7%, and 4.3% in 5°, 10°, and 20° of land slope, respectively. There was also a higher degree of soil loss reduction when the RSPF block was coupled with a natural vegetation soil cover by 79.6%, 70%, and 19.3% in 5°, 10°, and 20° land slopes, respectively. Moreover, in the natural rainfall events in an open field with a land slope of 20°, the recorded soil loss reduction reached 93.6–98.8% at an average rainfall intensity of 16.26 mm/h. Additionally, the relationship between soil loss and land slope was investigated to produce a best fit model that predicts the soil loss up to a 20° land slope. An interesting observation was made wherein the erosion rate increased using linear regression modeling in the simulated setup for bare soil (BS), soil with vegetation (SV), soil with RSPF (SF), and soil with RSPF and vegetation (FV), with high coefficient of determination (R2) values between 0.92 and 0.99. These findings suggest that the RSPF block is a promising alternative and sustainable material for EPS foams in mitigating soil erosion, especially under heavy rainfall conditions.

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Section: Physical and Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Characterization and Application of Rice Straw-Based Polyurethane Foam Blocks for Soil Erosion Control

Maravillas,

Omisol,

Abilay

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…2 (a) and (b), the experimental results are presented. The composite sandwich material under compression loading presents the S-shaped curve typical for the polymeric foams [5]. Three peculiar regions are recognized: (i) a linear-elastic toe region (ii) an intermediate plateau of elastic buckling or plastic yielding and (iii) a final densification zone where the foam-cells are compressed on-themselves.…”

Section: Testingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Material Model Development of Sandwich Composite: Numerical-Experimental Investigation of Head Dummy Impacting at Vehicle Interior Components

Vettorello

Campo

2019

KEM

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This paper shows the applicability of a non-linear Finite Element (FE) methodology to analyse the elasto-plastic behaviour and the energy absorption of a padding noise-protection material applied to the vehicle interior components. This material is a sandwich built from alternating layers of polymeric foam and of glass fibre composite. The approach considers two design steps. The first one involves the experimental characterization of the material while the latter deals with the assessment of the numerical models validated for a full-vehicle crash analysis.

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“…42 The category CCC4 is called in the literature closed cell PU foam. 40,45,46 This type is generally expanded with halogenated blowing agents because hydrocarbon-based blowing agents are supposed to the risks to escape from the foam with the time in comparison with halogenated refrigerants. 40 The CCC3 type is blown with halogenated blowing agents, so the thermal conductivity is between 0.025 and 0.030 W/m K.…”

Section: Categories Of Pu Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the shape and the distribution of cells on the effective thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam

Hermama

Bensiali²,

Lahbabi

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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To design foams with specific properties, it is important to be able to predict their effective properties. The objective of this study is to compare and quantify the effect of the geometrical parameters on the thermal properties. Then the study uses both analytical and numerical homogenization methods to connect micro-scale parameters to the macro-scale thermal behavior. Several statistical studies of the morphology have been used to model the different categories of PU foams. The foam is modeled by a periodic structure of open, closed, or mixed cells. For each type of cell, different idealized shapes of a single cell are used, while keeping a constant porosity for each category. In the case of mixed

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Methods for determining the number of closed cells in rigid sprayed polyurethane foam

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Characterization and Application of Rice Straw-Based Polyurethane Foam Blocks for Soil Erosion Control

Characterization and Application of Rice Straw-Based Polyurethane Foam Blocks for Soil Erosion Control

Material Model Development of Sandwich Composite: Numerical-Experimental Investigation of Head Dummy Impacting at Vehicle Interior Components

Effect of the shape and the distribution of cells on the effective thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam

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