Methods for Evaluating the Geomorphological Performance of Naturalized Rivers: Examples from the Chicago Metropolitan Area

Rhoads, Bruce L.; García, Marcelo H.; Rodríguez, J. F.; Bombardelli, Fabián A.; Abad, J. D.; Daniels, Melinda D.

doi:10.1002/9780470867082.ch11

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As highlighted in this study and others (e.g. Wade et al , 2002; Rhoads et al , 2008), 3D models can greatly facilitate this process with quick assessments of the impact of various geometries on the flow field and water surface elevations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…This question has been widely investigated in the last four decades in field, laboratory and numerical experiments at a range of discharges (Keller, 1971; Lisle, 1979; Carling, 1991; Clifford and Richards, 1992; Keller and Florsheim, 1993; Booker et al , 2001; Cao et al ., 2003; Thompson, 2004; MacWilliams et al ., 2006; Wohl, 2007; Sawyer et al 2010). Excavated pools are frequently used in rehabilitation projects that aim at reconstructing a riffle–pool sequence (Wade et al ., 2002; Wheaton et al ., 2004; Elkins et al ., 2007; Schwartz and Herricks, 2007; Pasternack et al ., 2008; Sawyer et al ., 2010; Rhoads et al ., 2008, in press). However, very few studies have examined hydraulics and sediment transport patterns around such excavated pools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial pools are sometimes maintained by channel width constrictions (Wade et al ., 2002; Rhoads et al ., 2008, in press) but more often in‐stream structures such as spur dikes, deflectors or rock ribs are employed (Buffington et al ., 2002; Carré et al ., 2007). Although the use of these engineering structures has been criticized and failures have been reported (Reeves et al ., 1991; Beschta et al ., 1994), a recent meta‐analysis of restoration projects revealed that overall they provide enhanced fish habitat for salmonids (Whiteway et al ., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment Transport and Flow Dynamics Around a Restored Pool in a Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Project: Field and 3d Numerical Modelling Experiments

Biron

Carver

Carré

2011

River Research & Apps

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Few studies have examined sediment transport patterns around in-stream structures used to enhance fish habitat despite the importance of this variable in the successful design of stream restoration schemes. The objective of this study is to examine interactions between the (excavated) pool morphology, flow and sediment transport in a restored reach of the Nicolet River (Quebec, Canada). Bedload transport was investigated using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged particles that were followed from positions upstream of a pair of current deflectors which were designed to maintain the excavated pool downstream. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow field at various flow stages (with emerged or submerged deflectors) were used to relate near-bed velocity and bed shear stress to transport patterns and to assess the impact of varying the pool location and geometry on the flow field and water surface profiles. Results show that from 2005 to 2008, of the 117 pit-tagged particles that fell in the pool, only 27 are known to have exited. None of the 30 largest rocks entering the pool escaped. Bed shear stress values simulated at high and peak flow (slightly above bankfull level) are not sufficient to move the largest rocks in the pool exit zone. Simulations also reveal a complex water surface topography when flow is above the height of deflectors, with negative water surface slope in the pool zone. When modifying the pool geometry so that the deepest zones are close to the apex of the in-stream structures instead of in the centre of the channel, both water surface slope and near-bed velocity patterns are greatly modified. Understanding the interactions between excavated pools, bedload and 3D velocity patterns around in-stream structures is essential for long-term success of fish habitat restoration projects, and using 3D models to test various designs of artificial pools is a promising approach. Figure 2. (a) Location map of the Nicolet watershed; (b) field site location within the Nicolet watershed (black triangle); the grey zone represents the Appalachian part of the watershed, whereas the white area is located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands; (c) photograph showing the upstream and downstream paired deflectors at the field site; (d) bed topography showing the downstream excavated pool and the upstream pressure transducer (indicated by a black star).This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rra

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment Transport and Flow Dynamics Around a Restored Pool in a Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Project: Field and 3d Numerical Modelling Experiments

Biron

Carver

Carré

2011

River Research & Apps

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“…Pool‐riffle (PR) sequences are one of the most common geomorphological features in gravel bed streams, and play a central role in providing habitat diversity conditions both in terms of flow and substrate [ Emery et al ., ]. Because of these features, the addition of artificial PR sequences is a widespread practice in restoration projects [ Newbury and Gaboury , ; Purcell et al ., ; Emery et al ., ; Wade et al ., ; Rhoads et al ., ; Walther and Whiles , ; Whiteway et al ., ; Schwartz et al ., ]. Ensuring the long‐term stability of PR sequences is a key factor when designing these artificial structures, and looking at natural PR sequences and their capacity to self‐maintain can provide valuable insight in that regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tale of two riffles: Using multidimensional, multifractional, time‐varying sediment transport to assess self‐maintenance in pool‐riffle sequences

Bayat

Rodríguez

Saco

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Pool‐riffle sequences play a central role in providing habitat diversity conditions both in terms of flow and substrate in gravel bed streams. Understanding their capacity to self‐maintain has been the focus of research for many years, starting with the velocity reversal hypothesis. This hypothesis relied only on cross sectional averaged flow information, but its limited success prompted extensions of the hypothesis and alternative explanations for self‐maintenance. Significant advances beyond the velocity reversal hypothesis have been achieved by incorporating more information either on flow or sediment transport characteristics. However, this has been done in a compartmentalized way, with studies either focusing on one or the other aspect. This work bridges the gap between these two aspects by using an approximate methodology that combines observed characteristic stage‐dependent 3‐D flow patterns with time‐varying cross sectional information on bed shear stresses, sediment distribution, and sediment bed changes during a 1 year record of continuous discharges from a real stream. This methodology allows us to track the behavior of different sediment size fractions along flow streamlines over time and identify self‐maintenance conditions due to the combined effect of both flow multidimensionality and sediment transport. We apply this approximate methodology to two contiguous pools and riffles and demonstrate that, unexpectedly, they may rely on different mechanisms for self‐maintenance due to differences in geometry and sediment size distribution. We also demonstrate that our methodology is potentially overarching and integrative of previous partial approaches based on flow multidimensionality or sediment transport, which tend to underestimate the occurrence of self‐maintenance.

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“…One geomorphic function of many natural channels is to maintain dynamic equilibrium (Function 6, Figure 1), described by Gordon (2004) as a channel that actively adjusts about an average channel area and slope. Static equilibrium will be defined as lateral and vertical rates of change that are relatively slow on an engineering time scale, are not accelerating, and are occurring within the context of a balanced sediment regime (Rhoads et al, 2008). Stream modification projects performed near infrastructure, private property, or in an otherwise constrained setting typically target a state of static equilibrium as opposed to a natural state of dynamic equilibrium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing Damage to Stream Modification Projects in Constrained Settings

Jones

Johnson

2014

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Complex relationships between stream functions and processes make evaluation of stream modification projects difficult. Informed by vague objectives and minimal monitoring data, post-construction project evaluations can often be a subjective attribution of success or failure. This article provides a simple framework to rapidly describe the degree of damage in stream modification projects performed in constrained settings. Based on widely accepted evaluations of physical habitat quality and stream stability, the damage states framework describes a continuum of damage in multiple categories that relate natural stream functions to the often desired state of static equilibrium. Given that channel form is closely related to stream function, it follows that changes to the channel form result in changes in function. The damage states focus on damage to flow hydraulics, sediment transport and channel equilibrium, hydraulic, and geomorphic parameters that describe basic stream functioning and support higher level functions in the modified channel. The damage states can be used in decision making as a systematic method to determine the need for repair and design adjustments.

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Methods for Evaluating the Geomorphological Performance of Naturalized Rivers: Examples from the Chicago Metropolitan Area

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Sediment Transport and Flow Dynamics Around a Restored Pool in a Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Project: Field and 3d Numerical Modelling Experiments

Sediment Transport and Flow Dynamics Around a Restored Pool in a Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Project: Field and 3d Numerical Modelling Experiments

A tale of two riffles: Using multidimensional, multifractional, time‐varying sediment transport to assess self‐maintenance in pool‐riffle sequences

Describing Damage to Stream Modification Projects in Constrained Settings

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