Methods for Testing Dustiness

Jensen, Keld Alstrup; Levin, Marcus; Witschger, Olivier

doi:10.1002/9781118753460.ch10

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The dustiness level and characteristics of dust release from a powder material depends on their characteristics and properties (e.g., density, particle size distribution, moisture content, and extent of aggregation and agglomeration [ 35 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ]). Additionally, storage conditions can play a role in the dustiness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production

Fonseca

Viitanen

Kanerva

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 × 103–1.0 × 104 cm−3), respirable mass (0.06–0.6 mg m−3), and PM10 (0.3–6.5 mg m−3) were measured during pouring activities. In overall; emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles >300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton−1 at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m−3 of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production

Fonseca

Viitanen

Kanerva

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All samples were vortexed for 30 s at a 45° angle; then, they were stored at 4 °C for 10 min because we observed that these conditions enhanced AgHEC colloidal stability, and we wanted all NPs to be handled the same way. Then, AgNKD and AgPVP were sonicated via high-energy tip sonication for 13 min (1 s on, 1 s off) at 20% amplitude, corresponding to an energy input of 3.136 MJ/m 3 (as recommended in the generic Nanogenotox protocol [ 32 ]) using a previously calibrated Bioblock Scientific vibracell 75,043 [ 33 ]. AgHECp was further vortexed and not sonicated in order to avoid HEC coating destabilization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Transformations of Silver Nanoparticles in the Oro-Gastrointestinal Tract Mildly Affect Their Toxicity to Intestinal Cells In Vitro: An AOP-Oriented Testing Approach

Köse

Béal

Motellier

et al. 2023

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in food and consumer products suggests the relevance of human oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs) and raises the possibility of adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Ag NPs in a human intestinal cell line, either uncoated or coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag PVP) or hydroxyethylcellulose (Ag HEC) and digested in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Physicochemical transformations of Ag NPs during the different stages of in vitro digestion were identified prior to toxicity assessment. The strategy for evaluating toxicity was constructed on the basis of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) showing Ag NPs as stressors. It consisted of assessing Ag NP cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, perturbation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Ag NPs caused a concentration-dependent loss of cell viability and increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species as well as DNA damage and perturbation of the cell cycle. In vitro digestion of Ag NPs did not significantly modulate their toxicological impact, except for their genotoxicity. Taken together, these results indicate the potential toxicity of ingested Ag NPs, which varied depending on their coating but did not differ from that of non-digested NPs.

show abstract

“…For in vitro testing as well as for administration of nanomaterial in in vivo studies it is essential that the nanomaterial is properly dispersed in the medium. Dispersion protocols have been developed and published for a number of nanomaterial and purposes (Bihari et al., ; Jacobsen et al., ; Jensen et al., ; Taurozzi et al., a–; Hartmann et al., ; Mast and De Temmerman, ; OECD TG318 (OECD, )). More dispersion protocols are available via the websites of international organisations (e.g.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterisation Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain: Part 1, human and animal health

Hardy¹,

Benford²,

Halldórsson³

et al. 2018

EFS2

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European Food Safety Authority has produced this Guidance on human and animal health aspects (Part 1) of the risk assessment of nanoscience and nanotechnology applications in the food and feed chain. It covers the application areas within EFSA's remit, e.g. novel foods, food contact materials, food/feed additives and pesticides. The Guidance takes account of the new developments that have taken place since publication of the previous Guidance in 2011. Potential future developments are suggested in the scientific literature for nanoencapsulated delivery systems and nanocomposites in applications such as novel foods, food/feed additives, biocides, pesticides and food contact materials. Therefore, the Guidance has taken account of relevant new scientific studies that provide more insights to physicochemical properties, exposure assessment and hazard characterisation of nanomaterials. It specifically elaborates on physicochemical characterisation of nanomaterials in terms of how to establish whether a material is a nanomaterial, the key parameters that should be measured, the methods and techniques that can be used for characterisation of nanomaterials and their determination in complex matrices. It also details the aspects relating to exposure assessment and hazard identification and characterisation. In particular, nanospecific considerations relating to in vivo/in vitro toxicological studies are discussed and a tiered framework for toxicological testing is outlined. It describes in vitro degradation, toxicokinetics, genotoxicity as well as general issues relating to testing of nanomaterials. Depending on the initial tier results, studies may be needed to investigate reproductive and developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, allergenicity, neurotoxicity, effects on gut microbiome and endocrine activity. The possible use of read-across to fill data gaps as well as the potential use of integrated testing strategies and the knowledge of modes/mechanisms of action are also discussed. The Guidance proposes approaches to risk characterisation and uncertainty analysis, and provides recommendations for further research in this area.

show abstract

Methods for Testing Dustiness

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production

Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production

Physicochemical Transformations of Silver Nanoparticles in the Oro-Gastrointestinal Tract Mildly Affect Their Toxicity to Intestinal Cells In Vitro: An AOP-Oriented Testing Approach

Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain: Part 1, human and animal health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About