Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Bencs, László; Ravindra, Khaiwal; Grieken, R. Van

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(03)00162-9

Cited by 181 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…However, some platinum salts, such as hexachloroplatinates and tetrachloroplatinates belong to a group of chemicals that is responsible for an increase in many health problems [11]. For this reason, there is a necessity to constantly monitor the concentration levels of these heavy metals both in biological samples and in the environment [12]. One of the pathways leading to the spread of PGEs in the environment is via precipitation and the resulting run-offs [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimation of platinum in environmental water samples with solid phase extraction technique using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

et al. 2009

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A solid phase extraction technique for the determination of platinum(IV) at trace levels by inductively coupled plasma mass spectromA solid phase extraction technique for the determination of platinum(IV) at trace levels by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed. The method was based on retention of platinum in a sample on silica gel modified with aminepropyl groups. The retention of platinum(IV) from the sample solution and the recovery of platinum with 1.0 mol L−1 thiourea solution were quantitative. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated as 5% (n = 7) at the 10 ng L−1 level. The enrichment factor was found to be (50-fold) for 250 mL of water sample. Under optimum conditions, the method detection limit (MDL) was found to be 1 ng L−1 for platinum in water matrices. Recoveries of Pt from spike addition to atmospheric water samples were quantitative (80–95%). The present method was used for the determination of platinum in precipitation, throughfall and runoff water samples.

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confidence: 99%

“…Studies in this matter have been conducted only in a few scientific centers. Assessing PGEs content in water samples poses a challenge due to [12,16,17,18]:…”

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Estimation of platinum in environmental water samples with solid phase extraction technique using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

et al. 2009

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“…LODabs= slope (LOD) + yB (6) where yi and are the measured absorbance and the absorbance from the regression equation; respectively. SD is the standard deviation of absorbance from the regression line (Equation 4), LODabs is the limit of detection of the absorbance, yB is the intercept of the calibration line and LOD is the detection limit expressed in concentration unit.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problems in the determination of trace Pd in environmental, biological samples are the very low concentrations and lack of appropriate certified reference materials (CRMs) for validation of the methods [1]. The determination of palladium using many techniques encountered many complications such as the irreversibility of the electrode processes [4], using electrochemical methods, working at the nuclear reactor facility and using short irradiation and cooling times using neutron activation analysis, interferences from a lot of elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [5][6][7]. Therefore in most cases separation and preconcentration methods are developed before measurement [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of palladium using many techniques encountered many complications such as the irreversibility of the electrode processes [4], using electrochemical methods, working at the nuclear reactor facility and using short irradiation and cooling times using neutron activation analysis, interferences from a lot of elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [5][6][7]. Therefore in most cases separation and preconcentration methods are developed before measurement [6,8]. Hence, the spectrophotometric methods can compete and be more advantageous in respect of simplicity and low operating costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

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Spectrophotometric determination of palladium using 2-hydraziniopyridine

2014

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KEYWORDSRapid, simple, sensitive and validated spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of palladium (II) using 2-hydrazinopyridine. The complex product was quantitatively measured at 510 nm and the reaction conditions were studied and optimized. The stoichiometry and the stability constant of the purple colored complex has been determined spectrophotometrically in aqueous solution at 25 o C using Job's continuous variation and the molar ratio methods. The complex has 1:1 (M:L) molar ratio and Beer's plot was linear in the concentration ranges 1.06-9.00 μg/mL with corresponding molar absorptivity 2.978×10 3 L/mol.cm. The limits of detection and Sandell's sensitivity were also evaluated. The accuracy was evaluated as the % recovery (96.61-102.58) and precision was evaluated as RSD% (0.04-0.41) using inter-day and intraday analyses of multiple samples. The effect of various diverse ions on the determination of Pd(II) has been investigated.

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Metal Analysis

Wróbel¹,

Wróbel²,

Caruso³

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Measuring the concentration levels of trace and ultratrace elements in different samples is an important analytical task in environmental, biological, clinical, as well as industrial studies. Furthermore, the increasing recognition of species‐dependent behavior of elements in a given system has imposed the need for speciation analysis. Thus, the identification and/or quantification of individual compounds is required for elements in their naturally occurring forms, those produced and/or emitted from different anthropogenic activities, as well as the products of species degradation or biotransformation. The two most commonly used tools to deal with such analyses are plasma‐spectrometry techniques, namely inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The suitability of these two techniques relies on their multielemental capabilities, high selectivity, wide dynamic range, high sample throughput, absence of chemical interferences, and easy coupling with different separation techniques. Consequently, applications of these techniques encompass both the determination of total element concentration and the specific detection of elements in different speciation schemes. In this article, the technical background of ICP‐OES and ICP‐MS is introduced, highlighting the capabilities and limitations of each technique. Different sample introduction systems are briefly presented and some applications for element analysis in inorganic and organometallic chemistry are reviewed.

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Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Cited by 181 publications

References 134 publications

Estimation of platinum in environmental water samples with solid phase extraction technique using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Estimation of platinum in environmental water samples with solid phase extraction technique using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Spectrophotometric determination of palladium using 2-hydraziniopyridine

Metal Analysis

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