Methods for the determination of atmospheric organic isocyanates. A review

Purnell, C. J.; Walker, Ronald F.

doi:10.1039/an9851000893

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This vapor readily condenses to aerosol as it cools to the ambient temperature (26,27) Aerosols may not always register on paper-tape monitors. (28,29) Although no conclusions will be drawn from the paper-tape monitor data about the actual concentrations in these areas, the monitor was useful in determining whether airborne MDI was released in some of the foaming operations and determining relative concentrations between different operations. The paper-tape monitor was also used in an attempt to determine if vapors/aerosols continued to rise from curing foam.…”

Section: A Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-91-0386-2427, Distinctive Designs International, Inc., Russellville, Alabama.

1994

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The request was prompted by the death of a former employee who initially became ill after working with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) at the plant. This individual had a respiratory illness which his physician felt was consistent with isocyanate-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The facility produces artificial plant and tree arrangements and uses a MDI-based polyurethane foam to provide a rigid support for the arrangements.NIOSH investigators conducted an initial site visit and walk-through inspection on October 7, 1991. Work on this project was delayed by the lack of an analytical method for measuring airborne MDI and by the departure of the initial medical project officer from NIOSH. On September 29, 1992, a second walk-through inspection was made by the new project team. An in-depth medical survey was conducted March 11-22, 1993, and an industrial hygiene survey was completed March 23-24, 1993.Detectable concentrations of monomeric MDI were found in two of the five full-shift area air samples collected in impingers; however, these concentrations were below the limit of quantitation. The minimum detectable concentration was 0.6 ug/m 3 , and the minimum quantifiable concentration was 1.6 ug/m 3 for the samples. The six impingers used for shortterm personal sampling did not indicate detectable concentrations of monomeric MDI. The detection limit for these samples was about 20 ug/m 3 .Vapors/aerosols were observed rising into the faces of workers working with the foam. This observation and a chemical smoke tube test indicated that the ventilation systems in the foaming areas were not adequate for preventing worker exposure to MDI. Skin contact with the curing was also noted during the survey.The medical portion of the survey consisted of a medical questionnaire, occupational and exposure histories, spirometry, and serial peak flow measurements. Of 93 current employees, 80 (86%) participated in some aspect of the survey. Individuals who reported high exposure to the polyurethane foaming process were more likely to report work-related nasal and eye irritation than were individuals in the other exposure categories. Selfreported exposure to the foaming process was not associated with any other symptoms, nor was it related to pulmonary function, as measured by spirometry and serial peak flow monitoring.This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved. This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved. applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional H...

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Section: A Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-91-0386-2427, Distinctive Designs International, Inc., Russellville, Alabama.

1994

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“…However, this reactivity causes a high toxicity. When inhaled, isocyanates can bind to human tissues, proteins, and DNA, forming toxic adducts and metabolites which may cause adverse health effects, especially to the respiratory system, including acute pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and bronchial asthma [2,3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrocenoyl piperazide as derivatizing agent for the analysis of isocyanates and related compounds using liquid chromatography/electrochemistry/mass spectrometry (LC/EC/MS)

Seiwert

Henneken

Kärst

2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Ferrocenoyl piperazide is introduced as a new pre-column derivatizing agent for the analysis of various isocyanates in air samples using reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation, electrochemical oxidation/ionization, and mass spectrometry. The nonpolar derivatives can be separated well using a phenyl-modified stationary phase and a formic acid/ammonium formate buffer of pH 3, which yields excellent separations, especially for one problematic group of isocyanates consisting of 2,4-and 2,6-toluylenediisocyanate (2,4-and 2,6-TDI) and hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI). Electrochemical oxidation at low potentials (0.5 V versus Pd/H 2 ) leads to formation of charged products, which are nebulized in a commercial atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source, with the corona discharge operated only at low voltage. Limits of detection between 6 and 20 nmol/L are obtained for the isocyanate derivatives, and calibration is linear over at least two decades of concentration. The method is applied for the analysis of air after thermal degradation of a polyurethane foam, and it is demonstrated that it is suitable as well for the analysis of carboxylic acid chlorides and of

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“…As it cools to the ambient temperature, this vapor readily condenses to aerosols (44,45) which may not always register on paper-tape monitors or may produce erroneous results. (46,47) Accordingly, the results of the paper-tape sampling for MDI concentrations are considered to be qualitative (not quantitative) in value.…”

Section: And Total Functional Isocyanate Group (Nco)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation and technical assistance report: HETA-93-0436-2569, Trus Joist MacMillan, Deerwood, Minnesota.

1996

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This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved. applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports

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Methods for the determination of atmospheric organic isocyanates. A review

Cited by 52 publications

References 1 publication

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-91-0386-2427, Distinctive Designs International, Inc., Russellville, Alabama.

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-91-0386-2427, Distinctive Designs International, Inc., Russellville, Alabama.

Ferrocenoyl piperazide as derivatizing agent for the analysis of isocyanates and related compounds using liquid chromatography/electrochemistry/mass spectrometry (LC/EC/MS)

Health hazard evaluation and technical assistance report: HETA-93-0436-2569, Trus Joist MacMillan, Deerwood, Minnesota.

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