Methods for the study of histocompatibility genes

Snell, George D.

doi:10.1007/bf02986826

Cited by 430 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These 'laws' were formulated by George Snell in 1948 (20). However, these were not really laws, but rather experimental observations made by C. C. Little (and others) between 1909 and 1924.…”

Section: Solving the Genetics Of Transplant Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the next 10 years Snell introduced the term 'histocompatibility loci' (tissue compatibility) to describe the multiple 'factors' that Little had realized were responsible for tissue rejection (20). Snell devised a breeding strategy (based on Little's original insight) that enabled him to isolate individual histocompatibility loci by generating 'isogenic resistant' strains (by repeatedly identifying members of F2 generations that were resistant to death by tumor transplantation) (20).…”

Section: Histocompatibility Loci and The Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clarence Cook Little (1888–1971): The Genetic Basis of Transplant Immunology

Auchincloss

Winn

2004

American Journal of Transplantation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Solving the Genetics Of Transplant Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histocompatibility Loci and The Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clarence Cook Little (1888–1971): The Genetic Basis of Transplant Immunology

Auchincloss

Winn

2004

American Journal of Transplantation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The MHC was genetically defined more precisely by Snell (1948), who first used the term. It has been recognized as a large multigene family present in all jawed vertebrates (Danchin et al, 2004;Kelley et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MHC Class I Exon 4 in the Multiocellated Racerunners (Eremias multiocellata): Polymorphism, Duplication and Selection

Yuan¹,

Zeng²,

Guo³

2014

AHR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a dynamic genetic region with an essential role in the adaptive immunity of jawed vertebrates. The MHC polymorphism is affected by many processes such as birth-anddeath evolution, gene conversion, and concerted evolution. Studies investigating the evolution of MHC class I genes have been biased toward a few particular taxa and model species. However, the investigation of this region in nonavian reptiles is still in its infancy. We present the first characterization of MHC class I genes in a species from the family Lacertidae. We assessed genetic diversity and a role of selection in shaping the diversity of MHC class I exon 4 among 37 individuals of Eremias multiocellata from a population in Lanzhou, China. We generated 67 distinct DNA sequences using cloning and sequencing methods, and identified 36 putative functional variants as well as two putative pseudogene-variants. We found the number of variants within an individual varying between two and seven, indicating that there are at least four MHC class I loci in this species. Gene duplication plays a role in increasing copy numbers of MHC genes and allelic diversity in this species. The class I exon 4 sequences are characteristic of low nucleotide diversity. No signal of recombination is detected, but purifying selection is detected in β2-microglobulin interaction sites and some other silent sites outside of the function-constraint regions. Certain identical alleles are shared by Eremias multiocellata and E. przewalskii and E. brenchleyi, suggesting trans-species polymorphism. The data are compatible with a birth-and-death model of evolution.class II genes, have been the subjects of the majority of research in the fields of ecology and evolution (reviewed in Sommer, 2005; Milinski, 2006;Piertney and Oliver, 2006;Ujvari and Belov, 2011). This is because MHC includes the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate populations. Given the extraordinary richness and diversity of continuously evolving pathogens in the environment, it is not surprising that the MHC harbors the most polymorphic genes described thus far, with some loci, such as the human HLA-B locus, possessing more than 2000 alleles (de Bakker and Raychaudhuri, 2012). The number of genes in the MHC varies enormously between species, even between individuals of the same species (Malaga-Trillo et al., 1998;Figueroa et al., 2001). It has been noted that balancing selection is an evolutionary force that can maintain many haplotypes over long periods of evolutionary time. Genes that

show abstract

“…To overcome the limitations imposed by linkage in QTL definition, congenic strains (Snell, 1948) have been utilized. The distinct value of rat congenic strains is firstly (Deng, 1998) the negligible genetic differences among individuals: they are more than 99.9% identical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual QTLs controlling quantitative variation in blood pressure inherited in a Mendelian mode

Duong

Charron

Deng³

et al. 2006

Heredity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied three possible genotypes at 10 well-defined blood pressure (BP) QTLs using congenic rat lines. The central question was whether the hypertensive or normotensive allele is dominant, or whether there is partial dominance. The congenic strains were employed to investigate the BP effects of alleles originating from normotensive rats in the background of hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. The normotensive alleles at eight QTLs were fully dominant over DSS alleles, which we tentatively interpreted as indicating that DSS rats incurred a loss of function at these loci and that the QTLs produced BP-reducing agents. In contrast, the normotensive allele of only one QTL was recessive over its DSS counterpart, implying a gain of function at this QTL or a null allele involved in generating a BP-elevating agent. Only one locus, C17QTL, had alleles exhibiting partial dominance. These estimates of dominance differ considerably from those obtained by QTL analysis in a F2 cross. This disagreement demonstrates the importance of establishing a cause-effect relationship between a QTL and its phenotypic effect via congenic strains. The dominance relationships suggest pertinent strategies for gene identification and pharmaceutical intervention.

show abstract

Methods for the study of histocompatibility genes

Cited by 430 publications

References 21 publications

Clarence Cook Little (1888–1971): The Genetic Basis of Transplant Immunology

Clarence Cook Little (1888–1971): The Genetic Basis of Transplant Immunology

MHC Class I Exon 4 in the Multiocellated Racerunners (Eremias multiocellata): Polymorphism, Duplication and Selection

Individual QTLs controlling quantitative variation in blood pressure inherited in a Mendelian mode

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About