Methods of determining hip joint centre: their influence on the 3-D kinematics of the hip and knee during the fencing lunge

Abstract

Purpose. The lunge is a fundamental offensive fencing technique, common to all contemporary fencing styles. Therefore, when using 3-D kinematic analysis to quantify lower extremity rotations during the fencing lunge, it is important for researchers to correctly interpret this movement. Locating the centre of the hip is required to accurately quantify hip and knee joint rotations, with three non-invasive techniques using anatomical, functional and projection methods currently available for the estimation of hip joint centre. This study investigated the influence of these three techniques on hip and knee joint kinematics during the fencing lunge. Methods. Three-dimensional kinematics of the lunge were collected from 13 experienced epee fencers using an eight-camera motion capture system. The 3-D kinematics of the lunge were quantified using the three hip joint centre estimation techniques. repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the discrete 3-D kinematic parameters, and intra-class correlations were employed to identify similarity across the 3-D kinematic waveforms from the three techniques. Results. The results indicate that whilst the kinematic waveforms were similar (R 2 0.96); significant differences in discrete parameters were also evident at both the hip and knee joint in the coronal and transverse planes. Conclusions. It appears based on these observations that different hip joint centre locations can significantly influence the resultant kinematic parameters and cannot be used interchangeably.

Influence of Different Hip Joint Centre Locations on Hip and Knee Joint Kinetics and Kinematics During the Squat

“…However, in the coronal and transverse planes, significant differences were mediated as a function of the four HJC location techniques. These observations concur with those of Sinclair et al (2013) who showed that non-sagittal parameters were significantly influenced as a function of different HJC location methods. It should be noted that the functional HJC configuration was shown to be habitually different from the other methods used in this study.…”

“…Means and standard deviations from the 3-D kinetic and kinematic parameters were calculated for each hip joint centre location technique. Differences between the parameters were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with significance accepted at the p ≤ 0.05 level ( Sinclair et al, 2013 ). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted on all significant main effects using a Bonferroni adjustment to control type I error.…”

“…It was shown that sagittal plane kinematics differed significantly between the two methods. Furthermore, Sinclair et al (2013) investigated the influence of three different HJC techniques on hip and knee joint kinematics during the fencing lunge. They showed that whilst the kinematic waveforms were similar, significant differences in discrete parameters were also evident at both the hip and knee joint in the coronal and transverse planes.…”

Original research papers. Kinematic Characterisation of the Lunge and the Fleche in Epee Fencing: Two Case Studies

“…Being the most common attack with all three fencing weapons, a powerful lunge is fundamental to successful performance [11,20]. Papers describing lunge technique mention the fact that the foot moves forward prior to the armed hand performing the movement [7,8].…”

Relationship between the armed arm’s motor response and muscle activation time during the lunge in fencers of varied ability

“…Many authors have focused their studies on the kinematic profile of the movements in fencing (Bober et al, 2017;Bottoms et al, 2013;Geil, 2002;Gholipour et al, 2008;Sillero et al, 2008;Sinclair & Bottoms, 2013a, 2013bStewart & Kopetka, 2005). The summarizing review of the studies focused on fencing movements was done by Chen et al (2017).…”