Methods of Estimating Time of Concentration: A Case Study of Urban Catchment of Sungai Kerayong, Kuala Lumpur

Mudashiru, Rofiat Bunmi; Abustan, Ismail; Baharudin, Fauzi

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Yen and Chow equations are recommended for small watersheds with an area less than 50 km 2 [29], which can be used for the present study area. For the Hathaway equation (RE = 38.88%), it should be mentioned that this equation was developed for small watersheds less than 4 ha, with a slope of less than 1% with the main river length of L < 0.37 km [28,41]. It is obvious that none of the above criteria is consistent with the characteristics of the watershed of the present study.…”

Section: Empirical Relationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Computation of Time of Concentration Based on Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Simulation

Zolghadr

Rafiee

Esmaeilmanesh

et al. 2022

Water

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Time of concentration (TC) is a parameter in runoff estimation, used to study and design different types of projects in watersheds. Any error in TC calculation leads to an inaccurate estimation of the design flow, which can lead to over-sizing or under-sizing of designed facilities that can have great economic and environmental consequences. Therefore, choosing the correct method to estimate TC is of great importance. Due to the diversity of estimation methods in the literature, the obtained TC values are different. This study aims to present a new method to calculate TC, based on its main concept, i.e., the time required for a water parcel to reach its outlet from the farthest hydrological point of a watershed. A two-dimensional hydraulic simulation was used to model the water parcel travel. A watershed was selected as a case study, and its time of concentration was determined by salt solution tracing. The field measurement results were used for calibration of the numerical simulation model. Meanwhile, 31 empirical relations in the literature were reviewed to determine the most accurate ones. Estimated TC values were compared with the measured ones, and the relative error percentage was used to evaluate the accuracy of the result. In the empirical TC methods, the maximum error was above 300%, and the minimum error was 6.7% for the field studied area. The relative errors of hydraulic simulation outputs were between 3 and 27%. The results showed that only three empirical methods, namely Simas and Hawkins, SCSlag, and Yen and Chow, had the least errors respectively equal to 6.7%, 8.660%, and 13.5%, which can be recommended for the studied area and those with similar hydrological characteristics. On the other hand, hydraulic simulation is also introduced as an efficient method to determine TC which can be used in any desired watershed.

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Section: Empirical Relationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Computation of Time of Concentration Based on Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Simulation

Zolghadr

Rafiee

Esmaeilmanesh

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Moreover, the distribution and trends of intense daily rainfall events were investigated (i.e., the daily rainfall in the 99th percentile of time series, considering only rain days ≥1 mm/day) [65][66][67][68][69]. The return period of the heavy precipitation was derived for the Lanciano station dataset through the Gumbel and lognormal distributions [70]. Furthermore, the dataset of a hydrometric station located in the Feltrino Stream (Table 2 and blue dot in Figure 4) was analyzed to infer the response of the stream level to heavy rainfall events and the related time of concentration (Tc) [69].…”

Section: Heavy Rainfall Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphology-Based Analysis of Flood Critical Areas in Small Hilly Catchments for Civil Protection Purposes and Early Warning Systems: The Case of the Feltrino Stream and the Lanciano Urban Area (Abruzzo, Central Italy)

Piacentini

Carabella

Boccabella

et al. 2020

Water

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This work is based on a drainage basin-scale geomorphological investigation combined with flood modeling. It is focused on the assessment of flood critical areas for the implementation of a geomorphology-based urban Early Warning System (EWS) in the urban area of Lanciano and the Feltrino Stream basin (a minor coastal basin of the Abruzzo hills, Central Italy). This area was investigated by combining: pre-existing geological, geomorphological, and hazard data and new detailed field surveys and mapping of geomorphological and hydrographical features (superficial and buried natural and urban stream network). The study was integrated with 2D flood numerical modeling for verifying the expected flooded areas and calibrating the critical areas. All the collected data were integrated into a geodatabase, and an expert-based approach through a geomorphology-based matrix allowed us to define the main categories of flood critical areas. The assessment of the critical areas supported the emplacement of a network of rainfall, temperature, and flood gauges. The geodatabase, the derived critical areas, and the gauge network contributed to set up an urban EWS, integrated with the regional forecast-based warning system. This system provides combined forecast-based, rainfall threshold-based, and flood monitoring-based alerts for floods. It incorporates communication tools for civil protection management. Finally, the EWS provides a tool for civil protection purposes and for the management of flood critical areas and the mitigation of the related risks by local authorities and will be integrated with sensors related to other hazards (i.e., landslides, wind, etc.).

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“…The delimitation of a watershed and the determination of the morphometric parameters can vary depending on the map scale. Different methodologies in the literature [5] have also been used to determine the time of concentration. Therefore, methodologies regulated by current regulations should be chosen that adequately adjust to the topographic conditions of the piped or channel system [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculation of the time of concentration is one of the most important parameters for rainfall-runoff modelling. Mudarishu et al [5] evaluated the time of concentration of different urban sub-basins of Sungai Kerayong, Kuala Lumpur, with small slopes and areas between 13.7 and 20.7 km2, where the authors evaluated the hydrological response with measurements through rainfall data and compared the calculated values of the times of concentration with the values observed in storms, showing that the times of concentration calculated with the Gundlach, Carter, and NAASRA methods, presented similar values in comparison with observed values. On the other hand, Sandoval and Aguilera [7] calculated the time of concentration of different basins in Ecuador using the Kirpich, Témez, Chow, Giandotti, and Goroshkov equations to determine different equations for the calculation of peak flow for watersheds without hydrological data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Analysis to Quantify the Impact of Map Type on Estimating Peak Discharge in Non-Instrumented Basins

Sierra-Sánchez,

Coronado-Hernandez,

Paternina-Verona

et al. 2023

TESEA

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The calculation of peak discharge in non-instrumented basins requires including morphometric parameters, which in turn depend on the map type used. This study analyses the impact of and variation in peak discharges of the Caño Ricaurte basin, Colombia, based on three types of maps at different resolution scales. The reference map used was the map made for the detailed designs of the channel analysed, which was extracted from the Master Plan of the City. Additionally, maps from a 90 × 90 m digital elevation model and contour lines extracted from Google Earth were used. The time of concentration was determined by different equations (Kirpich, Témez, Bureau, and TR-55) using the mapping methods described above, and the peak discharge was determined using rainfall-runoff models.

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Methods of Estimating Time of Concentration: A Case Study of Urban Catchment of Sungai Kerayong, Kuala Lumpur

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Computation of Time of Concentration Based on Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Simulation

Computation of Time of Concentration Based on Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Simulation

Geomorphology-Based Analysis of Flood Critical Areas in Small Hilly Catchments for Civil Protection Purposes and Early Warning Systems: The Case of the Feltrino Stream and the Lanciano Urban Area (Abruzzo, Central Italy)

Statistical Analysis to Quantify the Impact of Map Type on Estimating Peak Discharge in Non-Instrumented Basins

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