Methods of Extending the Applicability of Sintered Steels

Wastenson, G.

doi:10.1179/pom.1975.18.35.009

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…To minimize friction, the compaction was carried out using zinc stearate as a die wall lubricant. The density of compacted specimens was between 6.99 and 7.02 g/cm 3 . The powder contained 0.75 wt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of chemical and microstructural homogeneity on the mechanical properties of sintered material has been studied by a number of authors. [3][4][5] A common alloying metal in powder metallurgy is copper, which is not sensitive to oxidation and causes sufficient increase in strength. Several sintered components are made for automotive applications by mixing copper and carbon with prealloyed iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Sintering Temperature, Heat Treatment and Tempering on Hardness of Sintered Hardened Grade Steels (SH737-2Cu-0.9C)

Anand¹,

Verma²

2006

Journal of Undergraduate Materials Research

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The present study examines the change in hardness of sintered hardened steel (SH737-2Cu-0.9C) sintered at different temperatures, heat treated by various methods and then tempered at different temperatures. The samples were transient liquid phase sintered at 1120 °C, 1180 °C and 1250 °C respectively. The sintered samples were characterized then for density and densification parameter. The samples were austenitized at 900 °C and cooled by four different methods viz. furnace cooling (annealing), air cooling (normalizing), oil quenching, and brine quenching. The samples were then tested for their hardness using Vickers's hardness at 10 kgf load. The trend of hardness observed was found minimum for air cooled and maximum for brine quenched. In case of sample sintered at 1250 °C, relatively higher hardness was observed. The oil and brine quenched samples were then tempered at 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C. The hardness pattern observed typically showed secondary hardness taking place (due to presence of Mn and Mo) and reaching the maximum around 600 °C.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sintering Temperature, Heat Treatment and Tempering on Hardness of Sintered Hardened Grade Steels (SH737-2Cu-0.9C)

Anand¹,

Verma²

2006

Journal of Undergraduate Materials Research

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“…In the 1980s, complex Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo-C systems were developed based on the mixing of powders [7][8][9][10] , and these systems were later produced with the diffusion bonding alloying method [11][12][13][14][15][16] . These alloying systems were partially replaced in the 1990s by an alloying system that introduced chromium, and much later, manganese was introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional consistency achieved in high-performance synchronizing hubs

García¹,

Campos²,

Torralba³

2013

REVMETAL

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“…The first formulation of highly complex alloying systems, promotes a decade of production developments, first based in the mixing procedure [42,43,44,45], then in the use of the diffusion alloying methods [46,47], and then the development of complex grades partially alloyed and obtained by diffusion alloying (well known by "distaloys" and commercialized by Höganäs AB (Sweden) y Hoeganaes Corporation (USA) [48,49,50,51,52,53], and other powder producers [54].…”

Section: Diffusion Alloyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Sintered Iron to High Performance PM Steels

Torralba

Oro

Campos

2011

MSF

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Keywords: powder metallurgy steels, low alloyed steels, high performance, master alloys.Abstract. Since low alloyed sintered steels were introduced in the market of the structural parts, we have followed the evolution of a material with poor mechanical properties and any uniformity (in the sense of reproducibility) to materials that today are produced with high reliability and performance. The working efficiency could be equivalent in many cases with the best wrought steel, and maintaining a good margin in terms of cost and competitively. In this paper a complete review of the topic is accomplished, from the early times when the first parts were made by plain iron or iron-carbon, going through the different alloying systems: Fe-Cu, Fe-P, Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo, and more recently Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Mn. The development in processing routes has been considered too. The main milestones in the field of new alloying systems have been: 1) the introduction of Cu in 60-70"s, 2) the new complex systems with Cu-Ni-Mo in the 80"s and 3) the introduction of alloying elements with high oxygen affinity (in the late 90"s). Regarding the milestones in processing could be considered: 1) the development of new mixing procedures, 2) the warm compaction and high velocity compaction, 3) the improvements in sintering control and high temperature sintering. Several decades of research and innovation, acting on the processing system (mixing, pressing, sintering, post-sintering operations,…) and on the alloying system (from the earliest times with plain iron to complex systems used today), has allowed us to have a highly competitive materials, in terms of performance, and processes in terms of cost. The future is still open to new developments. First sintered steels.Iron based powder metallurgy (PM), were developed in the previous years to the II World War, being the absence of raw materials the pushing effect, and it was the origin of a new materials family (PM Steels) that today can be considered a high performance materials. The first sintered part was introduced in the car industry by General Motors in 1937 and was an oil gear for oil pump [1]. One of the first components introduced was one iron part for an electrical engine in 1945 [2].Till late 60"s were manufactured by PM simple parts, that were based on Fe-C and Fe-Cu-C systems. The knowledge of these systems was developed from works that analyze the possible formation of liquid phase during sintering with the aim of improving the densification and to promote sintering activation [3] as well the diffusion mechanisms in plain systems and selfdiffusion of Fe [4,5]. To analyze and to understand the sintering steps were use iron wires that can reproduce the sintering model based on spheres [6].Looking for the improvement in the mechanical properties, at that time considering the available technology two basic requirements for new alloying systems were stated: poor or null affinity for the oxygen -sintering atmospheres were not enough dried [7]-and the possibility of controlling dimensionally the s...

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Methods of Extending the Applicability of Sintered Steels

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Sintering Temperature, Heat Treatment and Tempering on Hardness of Sintered Hardened Grade Steels (SH737-2Cu-0.9C)

Effect of Sintering Temperature, Heat Treatment and Tempering on Hardness of Sintered Hardened Grade Steels (SH737-2Cu-0.9C)

Dimensional consistency achieved in high-performance synchronizing hubs

From Sintered Iron to High Performance PM Steels

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