Methods of improving efficiency of soft spring wheat cultivation technology

Abstract

The paper presents the results of research into the technology of soft spring wheat cultivation of the Siberian Alliance variety taking into account the formation of the production process. The experiment was carried out in 2015–2019 in the zone of the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression. The work was done in a long-term stationary experiment of grain-fallow crop rotation: fallow (bare, green-manured – rapeseed, melilot) – wheat – peas – barley (pure barley and intercropped with melilot). The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard (control), deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized as leached medium-textured, medium humus, heavy-loam chernozem. It was revealed that the influence of the preceding crop on the production process of soft spring wheat accounted for 80.4%, the effect of the soil cultivation system was 13.8%. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained with minimum moldboard system of soil cultivation preceded by rapeseed green-manured fallow (3.34 t/ha) with the lowest cost of grain (4.6 thousand rubles/t) and high profit (30.3 thousand rubles/ha), control indicators being 3.26 t/ha, 9.2 thousand rubles/t and 15.2 thousand rubles/ha, respectively. The following positive effects on the formation of the production process were identified: soil moisture availability, microbiological activity, a decrease in phytosanitary tension, lack of soil compaction at a high content of agronomically valuable particles. Sowing rapeseed on green-manured fallow in the current crop rotation with the application of minimum moldboard tillage system is the most effective method of cultivating soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.

Initial material for breeding drought-resistant varieties of spring barley in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

“…In literature [19,20,21] there was an association between drought resistance of plants and intensity of development of primary root system in grain crops. In addition, a positive relationship was established between the number of seminal and nodal roots, the mass of the root system, and, as a result, an increase in grain productivity of plants [22].…”

“…Buyan (30.9%) and Badyory (42.2%) had the lowest percentage of germinated seeds.In literature[19,20,21] there was an association between drought resistance of plants and intensity of development of primary root system in grain crops. In addition, a positive relationship was established between the number of seminal and nodal roots, the mass of the root system, and, as a result, an increase in grain productivity of plants[22].As a result of the conducted studies, accessions 752A and a local cultivar from China (k-2930) were isolated, which formed a significantly higher (at P > 0.999) number of seminal roots when germinated in osmotic solution, compared to the control (Fig.2). Stress conditions did not significantly affect the number of seminal roots in cv.…”

Genetic productivity potential in soft spring wheat varieties of the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Genetic Plant Resources (VIR) in the Trans-Urals

“…, which is most pronounced in No. 14,22,11,12,18,4,6,13,23. These varieties use the photosynthesis products, the vital activity of the root system more efficiently and thereby more purposefully consume soil fertility.…”

“…Thus, a comprehensive, multidirectional assessment of varietal samples by yield indices allowed to identify their number: Grenada (11), AC Pollet (12), Omskaya 41 (13), Greina (18), Toronit (19), Uralosibirskaya 2 (10) differing in their best manifestation. In this connection, they are recommended as a starting material for breeding for productivity and hardiness to short-term droughts.…”

“…Under contrasting conditions, the genetic systems of assimilant distribution and their control of plant growth functions work differently, which causes a variation in the genotype yield [9]. For a comprehensive assessment of varieties resistant to unfavorable arid conditions, indices reflecting aridity to varying degrees [10] and their ranking [11,12,13] are used.…”