Methods of Producing Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings and Examples of Their Applications

Zychowicz, Łukasz; Klimek, Jacek; Kisała, Piotr

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0011.6005

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…FBGs are mostly fabricated using the phase mask method and phase mask with variable diffraction efficiency techniques. The phase mask is a diffractive optical component that modulates the light beam spatially with a period [10]. Generally, a fused silica substrate is utilized to generate the phase masks using an electron beam lithography or holographic process.…”

Section: Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical investigation of the impact of apodized fiber Bragg grating and machine learning approaches in quasi-distributed sensing

Mandal

Sidhishwari

2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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An apodized FBG is designed to investigate the impacts of side lobe elimination in the quasi-distributed sensing for the estimation of measurands (like temperature and strain) to assess the condition of any civil structures such as bridges. The adjacent FBG spectrums may overlap with each other because of the impacts of temperature and strain due to the presence of high range of side lobes in the quasi-distributed sensing network. Therefore, elimination of side lobe is highly necessary by introducing the method of apodization. The sensitivity of designed apodized FBG is estimated by analyzing the variations in the Bragg wavelength due to the impacts of temperature and strain. The Bragg wavelength changes depending on the measurands could affect the grating period and the grating index of the FBG. The period of the grating and the grating index of the FBG are simultaneously varied by the temperature and the strain. To measure the physical parameter effectively, it is very much essential to distinguish whether the changes in the Bragg wavelength are owing to the impacts of temperature or to the impacts of strain. The effect of cross-sensitivity between the temperature and the strain is a key problem in any FBG-based sensing applications as both the measurands can affect the Bragg wavelength. In this work, the Machine Learning (ML) methods (such as Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and Ensemble model) are introduced to differentiate the effects of temperature and strain on a single Bragg wavelength shift measurement. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used for the predictive analysis of physical parameters to realize any detrimental scenario of any measurands. It has been noted that the performance of the proposed Ensemble model is higher compared to other models for the classification of the temperature and the strain.

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Section: Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical investigation of the impact of apodized fiber Bragg grating and machine learning approaches in quasi-distributed sensing

Mandal

Sidhishwari

2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…The uniform, straight grating with wavelength λ = 1534 nm, produced by the Institute of Electronics and Information Technology of Lublin University of Technology have been used. It is described in detail in [12]. The light source was a laser and the spectra are being captured using the OSA.…”

Section: System Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method of Detecting Inhomogeneities and Defects in Materials Using Sensors Based on the Fiber Bragg Optic Structures

Zychowicz

2019

IAPGOS

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The article presents the possibilities of detecting defect in materials using the fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). Steel belts with a thickness of 1 mm were used for the tests: one standard and the others were damaged. The damage was in the form of incisions. The FBG was glued to the sample with epoxy glue along its entire length and elongation by outside force. Based on the transmission spectrum obtained on the Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) the processing characteristics: the main minimum on the transmission characteristics, total width of the spectrum and the full width at half maximum FWHM depending on the FBG strain was determine.

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A new hybrid FBG with a π-shift for temperature sensing in overhead high voltage transmission lines

et al. 2020

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Methods of Producing Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings and Examples of Their Applications

Abstract: The paper presents the principle of operation, the structure, applications and methods of producing uniform, chirped and blazed fiber Bragg gratings as well as long period gratings. Finally, several selected methods used to make apodized gratings are listed and described.

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Theoretical investigation of the impact of apodized fiber Bragg grating and machine learning approaches in quasi-distributed sensing

Theoretical investigation of the impact of apodized fiber Bragg grating and machine learning approaches in quasi-distributed sensing

The Method of Detecting Inhomogeneities and Defects in Materials Using Sensors Based on the Fiber Bragg Optic Structures

A new hybrid FBG with a π-shift for temperature sensing in overhead high voltage transmission lines

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