Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

Lawrence, Gregory B.; Fernandez, Ivan J.; Hazlett, P. W.; Bailey, Scott W.; Ross, Donald S.; Villars, Thomas R.; Quintana, Angelica; Ouimet, Rock; McHale, Michael R.; Johnson, Chris; Briggs, Russell D.; Colter, Robert A.; Siemion, Jason; Bartlett, Olivia L.; Vargas, Olga; Antidormi, Michael R.; Koppers, Mary M.

doi:10.3791/54815-v

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Soil texture and horizonation illustrate zones of high/ low conductivity and soil water retention. These steps are very much in line with the forest soil sampling protocol25 . The desired scale of representativeness can be used to collect the validation dataset, and thereafter, the station can be scaled to the validated footprint 42 .…”

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confidence: 67%

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<em>In situ</em> Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Caldwell

Cosh

Evett

et al. 2022

JoVE

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Soil moisture directly affects operational hydrology, food security, ecosystem services, and the climate system. However, the adoption of soil moisture data has been slow due to inconsistent data collection, poor standardization, and typically short record duration. Soil moisture, or quantitatively volumetric soil water content (SWC), is measured using buried, in situ sensors that infer SWC from an electromagnetic response. This signal can vary considerably with local site conditions such as clay content and mineralogy, soil salinity or bulk electrical conductivity, and soil temperature; each of these can have varying impacts depending on the sensor technology.Furthermore, poor soil contact and sensor degradation can affect the quality of these readings over time. Unlike more traditional environmental sensors, there are no accepted standards, maintenance practices, or quality controls for SWC data. As such, SWC is a challenging measurement for many environmental monitoring networks to implement. Here, we attempt to establish a community-based standard of practice for in situ SWC sensors so that future research and applications have consistent guidance on site selection, sensor installation, data interpretation, and long-term maintenance of monitoring stations.The videography focuses on a multi-agency consensus of best-practices and recommendations for the installation of in situ SWC sensors. This paper presents an overview of this protocol along with the various steps essential for high-quality and long-term SWC data collection. This protocol will be of use to scientists and engineers hoping to deploy a single station or an entire network.

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confidence: 67%

“…2. For basic soil characterization, collect representative soil samples in a 1 quart (1 L) freezer bag at each sensor depth, following the procedure of Lawrence et al 25 .…”

Section: Note: the National Soil Survey Center Providesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>In situ</em> Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Caldwell

Cosh

Evett

et al. 2022

JoVE

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“…Direct methods of soil collection commonly include coring from the surface and removal from the face of an excavated pit. Sampling a pit face is advantageous because the exposed soil profile enables the variability that occurs with depth to be visually examined (Lawrence et al., 2016). However, soil characteristics can also be highly variable across a landscape or land use type.…”

Section: Challenges To Providing Needed Information On Soil C Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, soil characteristics can also be highly variable across a landscape or land use type. This variability can be addressed by replicating sampling locations, but the degree to which areal variability is addressed through replication tends to vary among studies depending on their specific objectives (Lawrence et al., 2016). Direct sampling methods can provide a high level of accuracy and precision but require substantial project resources if they are to be applied over large areas with high soil variability.…”

Section: Challenges To Providing Needed Information On Soil C Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stakeholders who need these data for decision‐making are usually not research scientists and may lack the resources and expertise to navigate through the technical complexities of soil C data to obtain the information that they need. Furthermore, because the widespread acceptance of long‐term soil monitoring to detect change over time is relatively new in North America, long‐running soil monitoring programs that provide the type of data needed to quantify temporal changes in soil C storage are particularly scarce (Lawrence et al., 2016).…”

Section: Reasons For Organizing Soil Carbon Monitoring At the Regiona...mentioning

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Forming regional soil carbon networks to support effective climate change solutions

Lawrence

Fernandez

Bailey

et al. 2023

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Sequestration and storage of organic carbon (C) in soil is an essential component of climate change mitigation and fundamental in promoting the health and climate resilience of soils. Sources of available soil C data are increasing, which complicates efforts to consolidate the data in forms that can be readily used by stakeholders. Spatial and temporal gaps in data availability also limit the quantification of changes in soil C through space and time. Improved coordination among producers and users of soil C data would provide data compatibility at the spatial and temporal resolution required for C monitoring, accounting, and verification of policy implementation. These challenges can be addressed by forming regional-scale networks to coordinate the collection and use of soil C data by promoting consistency in methods, collecting new data to fill critical gaps, integrating existing data from multiple sources, and providing data interpretation to stakeholders in readily usable forms. Forming networks in regions such as the Northeastern United States would require close

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Have Sustained Acidic Deposition Decreases Led to Increased Calcium Availability in Recovering Watersheds of the Adirondack Region of New York, USA?

et al. 2021

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Soil calcium depletion has been strongly linked to acidic deposition in eastern North America and recent studies have begun to document the recovery of soils in response to large decreases in acidic deposition. However, increased calcium availability has not yet been seen in the B horizon, where calcium depletion has been most acute, but mineral weathering is critically important for resupplying ecosystem calcium. This study provides new data in seven watersheds in the Adirondack region (New York, USA), where acidic deposition impacts on soils and surface waters have been substantial and recovery remains slow. Initial sampling in 1997–1998 and 2003–2004 was repeated in 2009–2010, 2014, 2016 and 2017. Exchangeable calcium concentrations increased by an average of 43% in the Oe horizon of three watersheds where this horizon was sampled (10.7–15.3 cmolc kg−1). Changes in calcium were not seen in the individual watersheds of the Oa and B horizons, but as a group, a significant increase in calcium was measured in the upper B horizon. Liming of a calcium-depleted watershed also tripled calcium concentration in the upper B horizon in 5 years. However, stream calcium in unlimed watersheds decreased over the study period. Small increases in B-horizon calcium may be underway.

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Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

<em>In situ</em> Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

<em>In situ</em> Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Forming regional soil carbon networks to support effective climate change solutions

Have Sustained Acidic Deposition Decreases Led to Increased Calcium Availability in Recovering Watersheds of the Adirondack Region of New York, USA?

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