Methods to probe the formation of biofilms: applications in foods and related surfaces

Huang, Yating; Chakraborty, Sourav; Liang, Hong

doi:10.1039/c9ay02214g

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 152 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…The differences may be down to the physiological conditions of the cells that were characterised by the altered surface properties of L. monocytogenes in various media after a SEM analysis. The use of SEM to probe the EPS and biofilms on surfaces is now the norm [ 40 ] and further studies on the growth of Listeria in a different environment will bring more insights into the behaviour of the organism on surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance Layer from Minimally Grown Planktonic Cells of Listeria monocytogenes

et al. 2021

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The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is a serious concern to food processing facilities because of its persistence. When liquid cultures of L. monocytogenes were prepared in defined media, it was noted that planktonic cells rapidly dropped out of suspension. Zeta potential and hydrophobicity assays found that the cells were more negatively charged (−22, −18, −10 mV in defined media D10, MCDB 202 and brain heart infusion [BHI] media, respectively) and were also more hydrophobic. A SEM analysis detected a capsular-like structure on the surface of cells grown in D10 media. A crude extract of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was found to contain cell-associated proteins. The proteins were removed with pronase treatment. The remaining non-proteinaceous component was not stained by Coomassie blue dye and a further chemical analysis of the EPS did not detect significant amounts of sugars, DNA, polyglutamic acid or any other specific amino acid. When the purified EPS was subjected to attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, the spectra obtained did not match the profile of any of the 12 reference compounds used. An x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the EPS was amorphous and a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis detected the presence of glycerol. An elemental energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis showed traces of phosphorous as a major component. In conclusion, it is proposed that the non-proteinaceous component may be phospholipid in nature, possibly derived from the cell wall lipoteichoic acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance Layer from Minimally Grown Planktonic Cells of Listeria monocytogenes

et al. 2021

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“…(ii) Rapid tests of hygienic control, and methods for microscopic, biomolecular, extracellular polymeric, physical, or chemical substances (EPS) are another possible classification [ 158 ]. (iii) A recent publication [ 159 ] only refers to the technology of the referred methods being classified as physics, physico-chemistry or chemistry, and recommends three effective approaches for testing biofilms: (a) observations by various microscopic methods with different view fields at the same point; (b) in-depth data analyses during microscopic image processing; (c) a combination study using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and chemical analysis. Perhaps this is the most advanced and appropriate methodology for biofilm analyses, where the detailed image of the surface will help to build a relation among the biofilm matrix, interactions and other factors like pH, surfaces [ 159 ].…”

Section: Biofilm Identification Techniques and Methods To Visualismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) A recent publication [ 159 ] only refers to the technology of the referred methods being classified as physics, physico-chemistry or chemistry, and recommends three effective approaches for testing biofilms: (a) observations by various microscopic methods with different view fields at the same point; (b) in-depth data analyses during microscopic image processing; (c) a combination study using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and chemical analysis. Perhaps this is the most advanced and appropriate methodology for biofilm analyses, where the detailed image of the surface will help to build a relation among the biofilm matrix, interactions and other factors like pH, surfaces [ 159 ]. However, there is another case in which bacterial species can help to reduce biofilms, where Bacillus licheniformis can express hydrolytic enzymes capable of reducing detrimental biofilms [ 160 ].…”

Section: Biofilm Identification Techniques and Methods To Visualismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Comprehensive Review

Carrascosa

Raheem

Ramos

et al. 2021

IJERPH

260

109

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Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.

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“…Also, the susceptibility of biofilms towards antibiotic solutions, their resilience to other chemical stresses and the erosion resistance of biofilms were shown to be related to the surface topography of those soft materials [ 9 , 10 ]. In fact, in recent years, quantitative topographical analyses of biofilms have become a well-established and useful tool in biofilm research [ 8 , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography quantifications allow for identifying the contribution of parental strains to physical properties of co-cultured biofilms

Hayta

Rickert

Lieleg

2021

Biofilm

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Most biofilm research has so far focused on investigating biofilms generated by single bacterial strains. However, such single-species biofilms are rare in nature where bacteria typically coexist with other microorganisms. Although, from a biological view, the possible interactions occurring between different bacteria are well studied, little is known about what determines the material properties of a multi-species biofilm. Here, we ask how the co-cultivation of two B. subtilis strains affects certain important biofilm properties such as surface topography and wetting behavior. We find that, even though each daughter colony typically resembles one of the parent colonies in terms of morphology and wetting, it nevertheless exhibits a significantly different surface topography. Yet, this difference is only detectable via a quantitative metrological analysis of the biofilm surface. Furthermore, we show that this difference is due to the presence of bacteria belonging to the ‘other’ parent strain, which does not dominate the biofilm features. The findings presented here may pinpoint new strategies for how biofilms with hybrid properties could be generated from two different bacterial strains. In such engineered biofilms, it might be possible to combine desired properties from two strains by co-cultivation.

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Methods to probe the formation of biofilms: applications in foods and related surfaces

Abstract: Biofilms of bacteria affect product quality and safety of food.

Cited by 39 publications

References 152 publications

Properties of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance Layer from Minimally Grown Planktonic Cells of Listeria monocytogenes

Properties of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance Layer from Minimally Grown Planktonic Cells of Listeria monocytogenes

Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Comprehensive Review

Topography quantifications allow for identifying the contribution of parental strains to physical properties of co-cultured biofilms

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