Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida

Abstract

The following work was initiated to determine the scope of application methodology and fumigant combinations for increasing efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and metam sodium for management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Florida. A series of five experiments were set up during spring and fall seasons to evaluate the potential of different fumigants, alone or in combination, in polyethylene film tomato production. The most promising chemical alternatives to methyl bromide, in terms of root-knot nematode management, were the combinations 1,3-D-chloropicrin, chloropicrin-proprietary solvent ,and 1,3-D-metam sodium. Sprayed or injected metam sodium generally provided only short-term nematode management and by harvest nematode infection was not different from the nontreated control. Drip-applied metam sodium gave good nematode management under high nematode pressure, but needs further verification to establish (i) the importance of soil moisture and temperature on treatment efficacy and (ii) whether similar management can be obtained with fewer than three drip tubes. Broadcast applications of 1,3-D showed better efficacy as compared to applications on a preformed raised bed. Fumigation did not increase tomato yields in spring when root-knot nematode pressure was low, but during fall all chemical treatments increased yields three to five-fold, as root-knot nematode was a major yield-limiting factor.

RETRACTED: Effect of Plant Extracts and Metam Sodium on the Soilborne Fungal Pathogens, Meloidogyne spp., and Soil Microbial Community

“…Among the alternatives, several studies have focused on the search for less toxic alternatives that are also highly efficient for controlling soilborne diseases, e.g. metam sodium (MS) [1]. Metam sodium (sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) is an organosulfur soil fumigant considered to be moderately hazardous (toxicity class II) by the World Health Organization that is applied nowadays [2,3].…”

“…Metam sodium (sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) is an organosulfur soil fumigant considered to be moderately hazardous (toxicity class II) by the World Health Organization that is applied nowadays [2,3]. Several studies have reported the efficiency of MS against root-knot nematodes and fungal pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani, when used either alone or in combination with other pesticides [1,3]. Nevertheless, MS can affect the soil community structure due to its inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi [4].…”

Evaluation of new chemical and biological nematicides for managing Meloidogyne javanica in tomato production and associated double‐crops in Florida

“…Until recently, the only non‐fumigant nematicide available to vegetable growers in Florida was oxamyl, a carbamate insecticide/nematicide, but it is now a restricted use pesticide. Soil fumigation with products like 1,3‐dichloropropene, metam, chloropicrin, and dimethyl disulfide often provides acceptable nematode control . There are, however, limitations and restrictions that pose problems for the use of soil fumigants, such as: (i) restricted use pattern in the southern most region of Florida in order to protect ground water, (ii) worker protection issues, (iii) plant‐back times to avoid phytotoxicity, (iv) set back distances from dwellings, and (v) mandatory fumigant management plans .…”

“…Soil fumigation with products like 1,3-dichloropropene, metam, chloropicrin, and dimethyl disulfide often provides acceptable nematode control. [7][8][9][10] There are, however, limitations and restrictions that pose problems for the use of soil fumigants, such as: (i) restricted use pattern in the southern JA Desaeger, TT Watson most region of Florida in order to protect ground water, (ii) worker protection issues, (iii) plant-back times to avoid phytotoxicity, (iv) set back distances from dwellings, and (v) mandatory fumigant management plans. [11][12][13] Soil fumigation therefore is cumbersome, expensive, and if effective alternatives were available many growers would prefer to move away from fumigants.…”

Seralarda Kök Ur Nematodlarına (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) Solarizasyon ve Toprak Fümigasyon Kombinasyonunun Etkisi

“…Fruits in certain greenhouses were insufficient for the market ( Figure 2). Desaeger et al (2017) indicated that high seedling mortality was observed in non-treated beds during the first month after transplantation and half of the seedlings died in non-treated plots. In summer, during fumigant applications were conducted with solarization, no nematode-induced problems until July of the following year.…”