Methyl Ether-Derivatized Sterols and Coprostanol Produced via Thermochemolysis Using Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (TMAH)

Nakakuni, Masatoshi; Yamasaki, Yoshimi; Yoshitake, Nonoka; Takehara, Keiko; Yamamoto, Shuichi

doi:10.3390/molecules24224040

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“… , The BSc extract confirmed the presence of molecular fragments with m / z ratios 219, 284 and 315 corresponding to octadecenal, vaccenic acid and isocarpesterol, respectively (Figure S3c). − These biomolecules were also seen in GC–MS analysis thus underlining the role of flavonoids, steroids, phenolics and aromatic compounds in the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Non-antimicrobial and Non-anticancer Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Different Plant Parts of Bixa orellana

2022

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As traditional cancer therapy is toxic to both normal and cancer cells, there is a need for newer approaches to specifically target cancer cells. ZnO nanoparticles can be promising due their biocompatible nature. However, ZnO nanoparticles have also shown cytotoxicity against mammalian cells in some cases, because of which there is a need for newer synthesis approaches for biocompatible ZnO nanoparticles to be used as carrier molecules in drug delivery applications. Here, we report the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using different plant parts (leaf, seed, and seed coat) of Bixa orellana followed by different characterizations. The UV−visible spectra of ZnO showed absorption maxima at 341 and 353 nm, 378 and 373 nm, and 327 and 337 nm, respectively, before and after calcination corresponding to the band gap energy of 3.636 and 3.513 eV, 3.280 and 3.324 eV, and 3.792 and 3.679 eV for L-ZnO, S-ZnO, and Sc-ZnO, respectively. Xray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structures. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra revealed the presence of stretching vibrations of C−C, CC, CO, and NH 3 + groups along with C−H deformation involving biomolecules from extracts responsible for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed spherical and almond-like morphologies of L-ZnO and Sc-ZnO with spherical morphologies, whereas S-ZnO showed almond-like morphologies. The presence of antibacterial activity was observed in L-ZnO against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, in S-ZnO nanoparticles only against Escherichia coli, and in Sc-ZnO only against Staphylococcus aureus. Uncalcinated ZnO nanoparticles showed weak antibacterial activities, whereas calcinated ZnO nanoparticles showed a non-antibacterial nature. The antifungal activity against different fungi (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani) and cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cancer cells were not observed before and after calcination in all three ZnO nanoparticles. The antimicrobial nature and biocompatibility of ZnO nanoparticles were influenced by different parameters of the nanoparticles along with microorganisms and the human cells. Non-antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles can be treated as a pre-requisite for its biocompatibility due to its inert nature. Thus, biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles showed a nontoxic nature, which can be exploited as promising alternatives in biomedical applications.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Non-antimicrobial and Non-anticancer Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Different Plant Parts of Bixa orellana

2022

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Biomarker heatmaps: visualization of complex biomarker data to detect storm-induced source changes in fluvial particulate organic carbon

Kim

Blair

2023

Earth Sci Inform

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Fluvial particulate organic carbon (POC) is a complex mixture that undergoes rapid and complicated shifts in source during storm events. High-temporal resolution sampling and source-sensitive chemical analyses, such as those for organic geochemical biomarkers, are necessary to investigate the dynamic POC source behaviour during storm events. However, experimental designs that accommodate those requirements inevitably yield large datasets that require a new data analysis approach. Here, we adapt one of the widely used data visualization techniques, heatmaps with clustering analysis, to seek patterns in source mobilization and transition and pinpoint their timing during storm events more effectively and intuitively. Biomarker concentration data are scaled and used to construct a biomarker heatmap using the ComplexHeatmap package in R. Hierarchical clustering is performed to reorder the biomarkers based on (dis)similarities in their concentration fluctuations during storm events. We implemented our approach to visualize our high-frequency biomarker data obtained from storm POC samples collected in the well-characterized field site of Clear Creek, Iowa. The results demonstrated clear sequential source changes from algal and microbial OC to vascular plants- and soil-rich OC during the event, with an additional source transition identified within the vascular plant biomarkers. The sensitivity analyses results showed that the additional source transition was lost as the temporal resolution of sampling was reduced to 25% of the original data. The sensitivity of the identified clustering to varying scaling methods and number of biomarkers was also examined. Comparison with principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the biomarker heatmap performed better in visualizing temporal changes of individual biomarkers. This biomarker heatmap approach will help scientists to understand the complex storm-induced POC source changes by offering a new perspective to explore the data and generate hypotheses to be tested in follow-up analyses.

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Relationship between nitrate, heavy metal, and sterols contents in Japanese agricultural soils with risk of groundwater pollution

Nakagawa,

Islam,

Shah

et al. 2024

Chemosphere

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Methyl Ether-Derivatized Sterols and Coprostanol Produced via Thermochemolysis Using Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (TMAH)

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Non-antimicrobial and Non-anticancer Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Different Plant Parts of Bixa orellana

Non-antimicrobial and Non-anticancer Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Different Plant Parts of Bixa orellana

Biomarker heatmaps: visualization of complex biomarker data to detect storm-induced source changes in fluvial particulate organic carbon

Relationship between nitrate, heavy metal, and sterols contents in Japanese agricultural soils with risk of groundwater pollution

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