Methyl Isocyanate Exposure and Growth Patterns of Adolescents in Bhopal

Ranjan, Nishant; Sarangi, Satinath; Padmanabhan, Vasantha; Holleran, Steve; Ramakrishnan, Rajasekhar; Varma, Daya R.

doi:10.1001/jama.290.14.1856

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In this study a consistent gradient was seen for all respiratory symptoms by residential distance from the plant [20]. A study carried out on two groups of Immunological Hyper-responsiveness of immune system in in-utero exposed individuals [34,35] Cancer Marginal increase in oropharynx cancer [38] Adolescent growth pattern Growth retardation in exposed adolescent males [30] IJOMEH 2009;22(3)…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Bhopal Gas Tragedy: review of clinical and experimental findings after 25 years

Mishra¹,

Samarth²,

Pathak³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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The Bhopal gas tragedy is undoubtedly one of the worst industrial disasters in the history of mankind resulting in mortality of 2500-6000 and debilitating over 200 000 people. Inhabitants in the township were exposed to different degrees and there are more than 500 000 registered victims that survived the tragedy. Clinical studies have shown chronic illnesses such as pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, recurrent chest infections, keratopathy and corneal opacities in exposed cohorts. Survivors continue to experience higher incidence of reported health problems including febrile illnesses, respiratory, neurologic, psychiatric and ophthalmic symptoms. In-utero exposure to methyl isocyanate in the first trimester of pregnancy caused a persistent immune system hyper-responsiveness, which was in an evident way genetically linked with the organic exposure. Recent experimental studies have provided mechanistic understanding of methyl isocyanate exposure at a molecular level. Immunotoxic implications, toxico-genomic effect, inflammatory response, elicitation of mitochondrial oxidative stress, chromosomal and microsatellite instability have been studied comprehensively in cultured mammalian cells. Besides providing a framework for understanding potential mechanisms of toxicity of a host of other exposures, these studies may also uncover unique abnormalities thereby stimulating efforts to design newer and effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The authors recommend long-term monitoring of the affected area and use of appropriate methods of investigation that include well-designed cohort studies, case-control studies for rare condition, characterization of personal exposure and accident analysis to determine the possible elements of the gas cloud.

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Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…An anthropometric study on exposed adolescents, carried out almost sixteen years after the disaster, revealed that there was a selective retardation in boys, but not in girls, who had been exposed to MIC during their toddler age or those born to exposed parents [30].…”

Section: Toxico-genomic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bhopal Gas Tragedy: review of clinical and experimental findings after 25 years

Mishra¹,

Samarth²,

Pathak³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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show abstract

“…In four other studies conducted in different regions from 2007 to 2011, significant impact of fossil fuels and related pollutants on short stature of children were represented (38)(39)(40)(41). However, in a study on South African children, no association between biomass usage and height growth in six-to 36 -month -old children after adjustment of age, gender, and birth weight was found (42).…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…All these papers suggested the possible relationship of children short stature and fossil fuels and gas use (32,(38)(39)(40). Significant association between males' height and intrauterine exposure to fossil fuels was reported while no association was found in females (41). However, another study did not find any association between fossil fuels consumption and children height growth regardless of gender (42).…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Environmental Pollutants, Chemical Factors, and Climate Changes on Children’s Height

et al. 2018

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Objective: Height is a multifactorial characteristic affected by genetics, hormonal and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of environmental pollutants, chemical factors, and climate changes on children and adolescents' height.Methods: This study searched scientific databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus using key words such as "Environmental Pollution", "Climate Change", "Growth", "Body Height", "Child and adolescent development", and their combination. By removing duplicates, relevant papers were selected in three phases. This review included studies that were conducted among children and adolescents up to the age of 18. After the quality assessment, data was extracted by a reviewer and rechecked by another one. The authors summarized information of 52 articles about the possible effects of environmental factors and climate change on height. Articles were divided to four categories, including air, soil, water pollutants, and climate changes.

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“…There is a compelling need for detailed investigations into the health implications of children's exposure to environmental toxins, with special reference to the high prevalence conditions, such as childhood cancer, asthma, endocrine and sexual disorders, and neurobehavioral toxicants [71]. Anthropometric studies in adolescents carried out by Ranjan et al [72] identified selective growth retardation in boys either exposed to the toxic MIC gas as toddlers or born to the exposed patients but not in girls. Based on survey studies conducted by Irani and Mahashur [74] on children exposed to MIC and complaining of persistent respiratory, gastrointestinal and eye problems, Woolf and Sandel [73] state that there are still many unanswered questions concerning the long-term residual effects of MIC exposure on the health of children, which require specific and cohort-based cytogenetic studies and their appropriate interpretation.…”

Section: Molecular Studies With Reference To Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective review of cytogenetic studies on methyl isocyanate with special reference to the Bhopal gas tragedy: Is the next generation also at risk?

Samarth

Gandhi

Maudar

2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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The world's worst industrial disaster, at Union Carbide, Bhopal, India, took place on 2-3 December 1984, leading to the leakage of poisonous methyl-isocyanate into the environment, causing thousands of deaths, pregnancy loss and for some, incapacitation for life. More than a quarter of a century later, the Indian Council of Medical Research undertook to redefine the abysmal consequences of the toxic gas exposure on the exposed population. This invigorated the interest of scientific community in the evaluation of the long-term effects, with reference to cytogenetic parameters. The thrust area was identified in terms of genetic disorders, low birth weight, developmental/growth disorders and congenital malformations. Also the impact on epigenetic factors, which may have contributed to variations in the functional expression of genes, was not negated, stimulating intense scientific research on in utero exposure and the progeny of the exposed population. To accomplish this mammoth task, molecular cytogenetic investigations must be undertaken in conjunction with conventional cytogenetics, using techniques such as FISH, Immuno-FISH, SKY and SNP analysis, to build up a cytogenetic database of the surviving population.

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Methyl Isocyanate Exposure and Growth Patterns of Adolescents in Bhopal

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Bhopal Gas Tragedy: review of clinical and experimental findings after 25 years

Bhopal Gas Tragedy: review of clinical and experimental findings after 25 years

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Environmental Pollutants, Chemical Factors, and Climate Changes on Children’s Height

A retrospective review of cytogenetic studies on methyl isocyanate with special reference to the Bhopal gas tragedy: Is the next generation also at risk?

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