Methyl Salicylate-Based Vortex-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction and HPLC for Determination of Fungicides in Honey Samples

Abstract

Methyl salicylate based vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction (MeSA-VASEME) has been developed and applied for rapid preconcentration of fungicides (i.e., carbendazim, thiabendazole, and fluberidazole) in honey samples followed by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. MeSA was used as an extraction solvent, while surfactant was used to enhance the extraction performance under the dispersion by vortex agitation. The optimum MeSA-VASEME conditions were 100 μL MeSA, 2.0 mmol L -1 sodium dodecyl sulfate, and vortex agitation at 1200 rpm for 90 s. Preconcentration factors were obtained in the range of 32-40. The limit of detection in the studied honey samples was 0.5 μg L -1 . The recovery of the spiked target fungicides at 20, 50, and 100 μg L -1 were 81.5-116.8 % with the relative standard deviation below 11%. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, less organic solvent consuming, inexpensive, and a rapid procedure for the residue analysis of fungicides in honey samples.

A simple co-precipitation sorbent-based preconcentration method for the analysis of fungicides in water and juice samples by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection

“…Meanwhile, solventbased extraction strategies such as micellar extraction, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) (Wen et al 2013), and conventional DLLME using nonionic surfactants, acetonitrile, and chloroform as extraction solvents were found to have some limitations, including a high incubation temperature and long extraction time, the high salty solution required for extraction efficiency, and the use of toxic chlorinated solvent. The previous works using methyl salicylate, methyl benzoate, ethyl salicylate, and ethyl benzoate as extraction solvents (Santaladchaiyakit et al 2015(Santaladchaiyakit et al , 2017(Santaladchaiyakit et al , 2019(Santaladchaiyakit et al , 2021a; Santaladchaiyakit and Srijaranai 2014) may be beneficial as an alternative for others. However, in some conditions, salt and a dispersive solvent are required.…”

“…Meanwhile, highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) have been widely demonstrated to be effective for single and simultaneous fungicide analysis when combined with several sample preconcentration strategies, including solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Yu et al 2017), dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) (Xu et al 2016), matrix solid-phase dispersion combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (MSPD-DLLME) (Liang et al 2021), and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) (Farooq et al 2020), molecularly imprinted SPE (MISPE) (Liang et al 2019), and magnetic SPE (MSPE) (Zheng et al 2020;Zhao et al 2020;Deng et al 2013;Li et al 2020). Meanwhile, solvent-based extraction methods such as standard DLLME (Wu et al 2009), salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) (Wen et al 2013), and liquidliquid microextraction using methyl benzoate, methyl salicylate, ethyl benzoate, and ethyl salicylate as alternative extractants (Santaladchaiyakit and Srijaranai 2014;Santaladchaiyakit et al 2015Santaladchaiyakit et al , 2017Santaladchaiyakit et al , 2019Santaladchaiyakit et al , 2021a have also been accepted as promising preconcentration strategies for fungicides in various sample matrices (e.g., food and environmental samples). Although each of these methods has distinct advantages, some limitations have been found, including a long process and tedious procedure, the use of toxic organic solvents, and relatively high solvent consumption.…”

Amperometric Biosensors for Glucose and Lactate with Applications in Food Analysis: A Brief Review

“…In food quality control, the development of reliable, sensitive and selective methods for fast, precise sensing and quantification of food ingredients and supplements, [1][2][3][4] toxicants, [5][6][7][8][9] antibiotics, and allergens, 10 is an issue of constantly increasing importance. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Recently, as a new direction of the analytical technology is distinguished the development of electrochemical enzymatic biosensorscomplex systems that include an immobilised enzyme (bioelement) and a physical transducer of the signal which may be potentiometric or amperometric, as well as a device for signal reading and processing.…”