Methylation related genes affect sex differentiation in dioecious and gynodioecious papaya

Zhou, Ping; Zhang, Xiaodan; Ma, Xinyi; Yue, Jingjing; Liao, Zhenyang; Ming, Ray

doi:10.1093/hr/uhab065

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The sex in wild papaya is controlled by XY chromosomes, XX for females, and XY for males (Ming et al, 2008). Previous studies have suggested that sex differentiation in papaya may be regulated by transcription, epigenetic DNA methylation, and phytohormone by considering the experiments in above-ground parts (Zhou et al, 2020;Zhou P. et al, 2022). Zhou et al in this Research Topic have used transcriptomics and metagenomics to reveal differential metabolites and soil microflora (bacteria and fungi) in the roots and rhizosphere of male and female papaya plants.…”

Section: Research On Fruit Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sex in wild papaya is controlled by XY chromosomes, XX for females, and XY for males ( Ming et al., 2008 ). Previous studies have suggested that sex differentiation in papaya may be regulated by transcription, epigenetic DNA methylation, and phytohormone by considering the experiments in above-ground parts ( Zhou et al., 2020 ; Zhou P. et al., 2022 ). Zhou et al.…”

Section: Research On Fruit Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Editorial: Multi-omics and computational biology in horticultural plants: From genotype to phenotype

Mondal

Song²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Horticultural plants complement our food requirements from major agronomic crops by providing a vast range of bioactive compounds, vitamins, and minerals along with carbohydrates, reducing sugars, organic acids, proteins, and fats. They play an important role for humans by providing herbal medicines, beverages, vegetables, fruits, spices, and ornamentals. In recent years many horticultural plant genomes have been sequenced (Chen et al., 2019;Liang et al., 2022) and multi-omics technologies have surfaced marker-trait association, gene expression patterns, differential gene and protein abundance along with the understanding of regulatory RNA (Hermanns et al., 2020;Luo et al., 2021). In a nutshell, high-throughput technologies have revolutionized the time scale and power of detecting insights into physiological changes and biological mechanisms in plants (Zhang and Hao, 2020;Liang et al., 2022). All sequencing data and tools have helped us better understand the evolutionary histories of plants and provide genotype resources for molecular studies on economically important traits Zhou G. et al., 2022). The integration of these -omics technologies (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, ionomics, and redoxomics, etc.) is currently at the forefront of plant research. The genomes of horticultural plants are highly diverse and complex, often with a high degree of heterozygosity and polyploidy, such as Solanum tuberosum, modern roses, Chrysanthemum, and Eustoma grandiflorum (Hibrand Saint-Oyant Frontiers in Plant Science frontiersin.org 01

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Section: Research On Fruit Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research On Fruit Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Multi-omics and computational biology in horticultural plants: From genotype to phenotype

Mondal

Song²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Other studies have highlighted that DNA methylation is also a significant player in sexual differentiation and sex chromosome evolution. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of papaya early-stage flowers revealed that distinct phytohormone signaling pathways and differential methylation-related gene expression are thought to contribute to DNA methylation alterations in papaya 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative proteomic analysis of papaya bud flowers reveals metabolic signatures and pathways driving hermaphrodite development

Pereira Duarte,

Cancela Ramos,

Rodrigues Xavier

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Papaya (Carica papaya) is a trioecious species with female, male, and hermaphrodite plants. Given the sex segregation, selecting hermaphroditic plants is vital for orchard establishment due to their greater commercial value. However, selecting hermaphrodite plants through sexing is laborious and costly. Moreover, environmental stressors can exacerbate the issue by potentially inducing abnormal flower development, thus affecting fruit quality. Despite these challenges, the molecular mechanisms governing sex development in papaya remain poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to identify proteins associated with sex development in female and hermaphrodite flowers of papaya through comparative proteomic analysis. Proteins from flower buds at the early and late developmental stages of three papaya genotypes (UENF-CALIMAN 01, JS12, and Sunrise Solo 72/12) were studied via proteomic analysis via the combination of the shotgun method and nanoESI-HDMSE technology. In buds at an early stage of development, 496 (35.9%) proteins exhibited significantly different abundances between sexes for the SS72/12 genotype, 139 (10%) for the JS12 genotype, and 165 (11.9%) for the UC-01 genotype. At the final stage of development, there were 181 (13.5%) for SS72/12, 113 (8.4%) for JS12, and 125 (9.1%) for UC-01. The large group of differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between the sexes was related to metabolism, as shown by the observation of only the proteins that exhibited the same pattern of accumulation in the three genotypes. Specifically, carbohydrate metabolism proteins were up-regulated in hermaphrodite flower buds early in development, while those linked to monosaccharide and amino acid metabolism increased during late development. Enrichment of sporopollenin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways characterizes hermaphrodite samples across developmental stages, with predicted protein interactions highlighting the crucial role of phenylpropanoids in sporopollenin biosynthesis for pollen wall formation. Most of the DAPs played key roles in pectin, cellulose, and lignin synthesis and were essential for cell wall formation and male flower structure development, notably in the pollen coat. These findings suggest that hermaphrodite flowers require more energy for development, likely due to complex pollen wall formation. Overall, these insights illuminate the molecular mechanisms of papaya floral development, revealing complex regulatory networks and energetic demands in the formation of male reproductive structures.

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“…The sex in wild papaya is controlled by XY chromosomes, XX for females, and XY for males ( Ming et al., 2008 ). Previous studies have suggested that sex differentiation in papaya may be regulated by transcription, epigenetic DNA methylation and phytohormone ( Zhou et al., 2020 ; Liu et al., 2021a ; Zhou et al., 2022 ). However, a vast majority of these studies have focused on the aboveground parts of dioecious plants such as flower buds, and shoot meristems, while few reports focused on the belowground parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-based metabolic and microbiota differences in roots and rhizosphere soils of dioecious papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Zhou

Pang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Dioecious plant species have a high genetic variation that is important for coping with or adapting to environmental stress through natural selection. Intensive studies have reported dimorphism morphism in morphology, physiology, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses in dioecious plants. Here, we demonstrated the dimorphism of metabolic profile and the preference of some microorganisms in the roots and rhizosphere soils of male and female papaya. The metabolic composition of roots were significantly different between the males and females. Some sex hormones occurred in the differential metabolites in roots and rhizosphere soils. For example, testosterone was up-regulated in male papaya roots and rhizosphere soils, whereas norgestrel was up-regulated in the female papaya roots, indicating a possible balance in papaya roots to control the sexual differentiation. Plant hormones such as BRs, JAs, SA and GAs were also detected among the differential metabolites in the roots and rhizosphere soils of dioecious papaya. In addition, some metabolites that have medicinal values, such as ecliptasaponin A, crocin, berberine and sapindoside A were also expressed differentially between the two sexes. Numerous differential metabolites from the papaya roots were secreted in the soil, resulting in the differences in microbial community structure in the roots and rhizosphere soils. Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Brevundimonas and Microvirga were enriched in the male papaya roots or rhizosphere soils. While Candidatus Solibacter and Tumebacillus, which utilize organic matters, were enriched in the roots or rhizosphere soils of the female papaya. Some differences in the fungi abundance were also observed in both male and female papaya roots. These findings uncovered the effect of sex types on the metabolic and microbiota differences in roots and rhizosphere soils in papaya and will lead to investigations of underlining genomic and molecular mechanisms.

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Methylation related genes affect sex differentiation in dioecious and gynodioecious papaya

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Editorial: Multi-omics and computational biology in horticultural plants: From genotype to phenotype

Editorial: Multi-omics and computational biology in horticultural plants: From genotype to phenotype

Comparative proteomic analysis of papaya bud flowers reveals metabolic signatures and pathways driving hermaphrodite development

Sex-based metabolic and microbiota differences in roots and rhizosphere soils of dioecious papaya (Carica papaya L.)

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