Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl as an Antiknock: Composition and Fate of Manganese Exhaust Products

Haar, G. L. Ter; Grifffing, M. E.; Brandt, Marianne; Oberding, D. G.; Kapron, M.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1975.10470152

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This suggests that some fraction of the road dust may originate from the combustion of MMT, as Mn particles emitted by a vehicle are usually small (<0.5 mm). 2 However, a recent study showed that these particles could be larger and could form agglomerates with other substances, such as sulfur and iron. 3 Nevertheless, most of the particles (99%) would be less than 5 µm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The combustion of MMT leads to the formation of Mn oxides, mainly Mn 3 O 4 , with a mass median diameter ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 µm. 2 However, a recent study showed that Mn particles emitted at the tailpipe could form heterogeneous agglomerates, with iron and sulfur varying from 1 to 100 µm. 3 It had been suggested that Mn from mobile sources could contribute significantly to environmental contamination in urban environments.…”

Section: Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (Mmt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Contamination and Human Exposure to Airborne Total and Respirable Manganese in Montreal

Loranger

Zayed

1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT)is an organometallic compound used as an octane improver in unleaded gasoline. The combustion of MMT leads to the formation of manganese (Mn) oxides, mainly Mn 3 O 4 . The objective of this study is to assess the variations over time and space of respirable (Mn R ) and total (Mn T ) Mn in the urban atmosphere and to evaluate human exposure by inhalation. Two sampling sites were selected on the island of Montreal based on their local traffic density (municipal botanical garden, C -= 10,000-15,000 vehicles d ). Air samplings were made during the day at stations located 10 m from the road using portable pumps, some of which were equipped with a cyclone. Mn R and Mn T and other metals were measured on Teflon filters by neutron activation. Mn exposure doses by inhalation were calculated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Mn R and Mn T average concentrations were significantly higher at site C + (Mn R = 0.024 µg m . Mn R and Mn T concentrations reflected a positive relationship with traffic density.However, it remains difficult to attribute these results directly to the combustion of MMT in unleaded gasoline. On average, the Mn R and Mn T inhalation doses were 2 to 15 times lower than the reference dose (RfC) proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the general population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (Mmt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Contamination and Human Exposure to Airborne Total and Respirable Manganese in Montreal

Loranger

Zayed

1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The combustion of MMT leads to the formation of Mn oxides, especially manganese tetraoxide (Mn304) (Tar Haar et al 1975). The size of the particles emitted to the atmosphere is similar to that of Pb (Jaworski 1979) and varies from 0.1 to 0.45 m (Mena 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease, known as manganism, begins as a loss of appetite, apathy, fatigue, psychotic behaviour, and clumsiness. At lower levels of exposure, delayed reaction time, poor hand-eye coordination, memory loss, and tremors have been reported (Mena 1974, Moran 1975, Tar Haar et al 1975, USEPA 1975, Pierson et al 1978, Barbeau 1984, Cooper 1984, Abbott 1987, Ethyl Corporation 1990. Experimental data on animals have shown that exposure to MMT produces severe injury to the kidneys, liver, lungs and the central nervous system (Komura andSakamoto 1992, U.S. Dept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of urban ecosystems to Mn and Pb contaminants from gasoline additives beside a major highway in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada

Bhuie¹,

Roy²,

McLaughlin³

2000

The Forestry Chronicle

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A study of manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) deposition in soil was conducted adjacent to a multilane highway in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Ontario. The annual average daily traffic (AADT) volume was approximately 333 700 vehicles in 1993. Soil sampling was conducted at two different sites along the highway to determine the concentration and extent of Mn deposition from methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, MMT (a gasoline additive). Samples were collected at distances up to 160 metres from the roadside, at each site. Parameters evaluated included total and exchangeable Mn and Pb (from historic use of leaded gasoline), soil particle size, pH, and cation exchange capacity. Mn concentrations decreased with increasing distance from roadside. Pb concentrations changed little from values reported in 1990, but have moved deeper into the soil, indicating a cessation of atmospheric deposition. In contrast, exchangeable Mn concentrations decreased with soil depth indicating recent atmospheric deposition. Although Mn concentration in soil decreased with the increase in the distance and the depth adjacent to the multilane highway, the difference was not statistically significant within the sites. More research is needed to provide better understanding of the extent of MMT and the complex behaviour of Mn contamination in the terrestrial urban environment. Key words: manganese, lead, soil, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); gasoline additive; urban environment; greater Toronto area (GTA), Canada

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“…TerHaar, et al 2 have focused on the Mn chemical and physical properties in the exhaust from test cars on a dynamometer. They concluded that some 20% of the Mn consumed would be emitted as particles in the airborne size range, mostly as MnsO^ They found scarcely detectable Mn in the gas phase, with rapid (minutes or less) photolysis to the particulate phase.…”

Section: Ford Motor Companymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl: Effect on Manganese Emissions from Vehicles on the Road

Pierson

McKee

Brachaczek

et al. 1978

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl as an Antiknock: Composition and Fate of Manganese Exhaust Products

Cited by 57 publications

References 1 publication

Environmental Contamination and Human Exposure to Airborne Total and Respirable Manganese in Montreal

Environmental Contamination and Human Exposure to Airborne Total and Respirable Manganese in Montreal

Exposure of urban ecosystems to Mn and Pb contaminants from gasoline additives beside a major highway in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada

Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl: Effect on Manganese Emissions from Vehicles on the Road

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