The
continuous increase in the wastes generated from forestry,
timber, and paper industries has engendered the need for their transformation
into economically viable materials for the benefit of mankind. This
study reports the preparation and application of sawdust-derived cellulose
nanocrystals (CNC) incorporated with zinc oxide as a novel adsorbent
for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water. The CNC/ZnO nanocomposite
was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction
(XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of MB adsorbed
was determined by a UV–vis spectrophotometer. The microscopic
analysis revealed that the nanocomposite had a narrow particle size
range and exhibited both spherical and rod-like morphologies. The
XRD analysis of the nanocomposite showed characteristic high-intensity
peaks in the range of 30–75° attributed to the presence
of ZnO nanoparticles, which were responsible for the enhancement of
the crystallinity of the nanocomposite. The results revealed a relationship
between the MB removal efficiency and changes in solution pH, nanocomposite
dosage, initial concentration, temperature, and reaction time. The
adsorption equilibrium isotherm, measured in the temperature range
of 25–45 °C and using a concentration of 20–100
mg/L, showed that the MB sorption followed the Langmuir isotherm with
a maximum adsorption capacity of 64.93 mg/g. A pseudo-second-order
kinetic model gave the best fit to the experimental data. Based on
adsorption performance, the CNC/ZnO nanocomposite offers prospects
for further research and application in amelioration of dye-containing
effluent.