Methylphenidate improves motor functions in children diagnosed with Hyperkinetic Disorder

Stray, Liv Larsen; Stray, Torstein; Iversen, Synnøve; Ruud, Anne; Ellertsen, Bjørn

doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-21

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…According to recent neuroimaging studies, not only the prefrontal lobe, but also the basal ganglia, affect goal-directed movements in children with ADHD 20. Furthermore, the frontal-striatal circuit affects such motor control 21,22. Because the subcortical areas contribute to eye-hand coordination, body awareness, posture, balance, muscle tone, and stability against gravity, subcortical dysfunction affects cortical areas related to organization, self-control, learning ability, abstract and logical thinking, and confidence 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motor Function in School-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Korea

Cho¹,

Ji²,

Chung

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectiveMotor function critically influences daily activities and academic performance. We compared motor function in school-aged children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to that of normal children.MethodsParticipants were 58 children with ADHD [51 males, 7 females; mean age 9 years 6 months±2 years 0 months (SD)] and 70 normal controls [56 males, 14 females; mean age 9 years 2 months±1 years 7 months (SD)]. We assessed motor function with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition.ResultsThe ADHD group had a significantly lower total motor composite score (t=-9.32, p<0.001) than that of the control group. Standard scores of four motor-area composites such as fine manual control (t=-3.76, p<0.001), manual coordination (t=-6.87, p<0.001), body coordination (t=-7.14, p<0.001), and strength and agility (t=-8.54, p<0.1) were significantly lower in the ADHD group than those in the control group. Among the subtests, scores on fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, running speed and agility, and strength were significantly lower in the ADHD group than those in the controls, whereas upper-limb coordination was not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionSchool-aged children with ADHD in Korea had significantly lower motor function compared to that of controls. Thus, it is suggested that appropriate target intervention for motor function is important in children with motor impairment in addition to pharmacotherapy or psychosocial therapy for improving the core symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we did not consider medications. The effects of methylphenidate include short-term increases in behavioral control and cognitive function and improved interpersonal relationships 21. We recommend controlling for the effects of this medication in future studies when comparing ADHD and control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Function in School-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Korea

Cho¹,

Ji²,

Chung

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Investig

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“…Such neurological subtle signs include overflow (also called "associated" or "extraneous") movements, involuntary movements (i.e., limb tremor, odd posturing, choreiform), and dysrhythmia. These subtle signs can be reliably assessed (Gustafsson et al 2010;Stray et al 2009a) and can serve as markers for inefficiency in neighboring parallel brain systems that are important for control of cognition and behavior. It is common to observe subtle signs in typically developing younger children (Largo et al 2001).…”

Section: Subtle Signs and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

Mahone

2011

Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Treatment

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The use of quantitative neuroimaging (volumetry), motor, and oculomotor assessments for studying children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has grown dramatically in the past 20 years. Most evidence to date suggests that anomalous basal ganglia development plays an important role in early manifestation of ADHD; however, widespread cerebellar and cortical delays are also observed and are associated with the behavioral (cognitive, motor, oculomotor) phenotype in children with ADHD. These motor and "executive" control systems appear to develop in parallel, such that both systems display a similar protracted developmental trajectory, with periods of rapid growth in elementary years and continued maturation into young adulthood. Development of each system is dependent on the functional integrity and maturation of related brain regions, suggesting a shared neural circuitry that includes frontostriatal systems and the cerebellum (i.e., those identified as anomalous in studies of volumetry in ADHD). Motor and oculomotor paradigms provide unique opportunities to examine executive control processes that exist at the interface between movement and cognition in children with ADHD, also linking cognition and neurological development. The observed pattern of volumetric differences, together with the known parallel development of motor and executive control systems, appears to predict motor and oculomotor anomalies in ADHD, which are highly relevant, yet commonly overlooked in clinical settings.

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“…ADHD-diagnosed children often show impairment in rudimentory motor function, including postural stability (Jacobi-Polishook et al, 2009), gait (Leitner et al, 2007), motor timing (Rubia et al, 2003) and other neurological reflexes ( Stray et al, 2009), which is generally alleviated by stimulants. However, improvement is not always complete, or evident under all conditions.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Assessment Of Adhd-diagnosed College Studmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Stimulant Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Enhance Cognition?

Advokat¹,

Vinci²

2012

Current Directions in ADHD and Its Treatment

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Methylphenidate improves motor functions in children diagnosed with Hyperkinetic Disorder

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Motor Function in School-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Korea

Motor Function in School-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Korea

ADHD: Volumetry, Motor, and Oculomotor Functions

Do Stimulant Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Enhance Cognition?

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