Methylthiazolidine‐4‐carboxylate for treatment of acute T‐2 toxin exposure

Frick, R; Jorge, Juan

doi:10.1002/jat.2550110212

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…The lethality of T-2 toxin may be associated with a decreased hepatic glutathione content Difficulty in passive or active immunization is that tricothecene mycotoxins are immunosuppressive. MTCA (2-methylthiazolidine-4 carboxylate) maintains glutathione levels and improves survival in animals (Fricke and Jorge, 1991). Protective roles for Se, Zn, cis-stilbene oxide, dietary vitamin E and other antioxidants (Rizzo et al, 1994;Yazdanpanah et al, 1997).…”

Section: Clostridium Perfringensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy and prophylaxis of inhaled biological toxins

Paddle¹

2003

J of Applied Toxicology

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This review highlights the current lack of therapeutic and prophylactic treatments for use against inhaled biological toxins, especially those considered as potential biological warfare (BW) or terrorist threats. Although vaccine development remains a priority, the use of rapidly deployable adjunctive therapeutic or prophylactic drugs could be life-saving in severe cases of intoxication or where vaccination has not been possible or immunity not established. The current lack of such drugs is due to many factors. Thus, methods involving molecular modelling are limited by the extent to which the cellular receptor sites and mode of action and structure of a toxin need to be known. There is also our general lack of knowledge of what effect individual toxins will have when inhaled into the lungs - whether and to what extent the action will be cell specific and cytotoxic or rather an acute inflammatory response requiring the use of immunomodulators. Possible sources of specific high-affinity toxin antagonists being investigated include monoclonal antibodies, selected oligonucleotides (aptamers) and derivatized dendritic polymers (dendrimers). The initial selection of suitable agents of these kinds can be made using cytotoxicity assays involving cultured normal human lung cells and a range of suitable indicators. The possibility that a mixture of selected antibody, aptamer or dendrimer-based materials for one or more toxins could be delivered simultaneously as injections or as inhaled aerosol sprays should be investigated.

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Section: Clostridium Perfringensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy and prophylaxis of inhaled biological toxins

Paddle¹

2003

J of Applied Toxicology

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Biological Toxins in Warfare and Terrorism

Evans

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Toxins are harmful biological agents produced by bacteria, plants and animals. They differ from chemical agents in that they are naturally occurring, are nonvolatile and, except for mycotoxins, are not dermally active. Toxins can be much more toxic than chemical agents. They are also not persistent in the environment and are not transmittable from person to person. Toxins that are stable in the environment, highly toxic and easy to produce are candidates for use as biological weapons. Some toxins, such as mycotoxins and ricin , require much larger quantities than toxins such as botulinum to be effective in an open‐air aerosol exposure; however, they can be effectively used in an indoor release. In this chapter, we will discuss the four toxins that are considered most likely to be used as biological weapons either by state entities or terrorist organizations. The list includes one highly lethal toxin, botulinum, two fairly lethal toxins, ricin and mycotoxins, and one that is considered primarily an incapacitating agent, staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Botulinum is a Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Category A agent, while the other toxins are CDC Category B agents.

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