Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted the scientific community due to several advantages compared with traditional solvents such as their low volatility and high ability to dissolve different organic and inorganic compounds, among other advantages. Transition metals can be toxic compounds; however, this issue can be minimized when used in catalytic amounts which also allows reaction efficiency and selectivity increases. The combination of metal catalysis with the use of ILs can be a powerful tool for several organic reactions, taking advantage of the most attractive property of the ILs, which is the possibility of an easier recycling of the catalytic system, increasing the greenness of the process. The application of ILs in metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions of alcohols and sulfides is discussed in this chapter.