It is well known that at metal electrodes, mass transport
limitations introduce a Warburg impedance in the
electrochemical impedance of an electrode process. Semiconductor
electrodes, however, react differently
from metal electrodes to variations of the applied potential, so that
the influence of diffusion on the
electrochemical impedance is less straightforward. In this paper,
we propose a general approach of this
problem, allowing to describe both the metal and semiconductor
electrode behavior by using appropriate
kinetical models. When discussing the diffusion impedance at ideal
semiconductor/electrolyte contacts,
distinction must be made between direct capture reactions and direct
injection reactions. Whereas the former
result in a Randles-like equivalent circuit, no Warburg component is
present in the impedance spectrum of
the latter if the reverse reaction is negligible. Thus, the
electrochemical impedance provides a clear distinction
between both reaction types. At nonideal semiconductor/electrolyte
contacts, the situation is different because
of the unpinning of the band edges. This may result in a Warburg
impedance appearing in the electrochemical
impedance of an injection reaction as well, i.e. if the shift of the
band edges influences the rate constant of
the injection reaction.