Metodos ultrassonográficos para la evaluación de testículos en gatos

Brito, Milena Bastos; Maronezi, Marjury Cristina; Uscátegui, Ricardo Andrés Ramírez; Avante, Michelle Lopes; Simões, Ana R.; Monteiro, Frederico Ozanan Barros; Feliciano, Marcus Antônio Rossi

doi:10.21897/rmvz.1377

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In veterinary medicine, the study of testicular vascularization has been conducted in various animal species, including stallions [ 8 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ], jackasses [ 85 ], tomcats [ 86 , 87 ], bulls [ 17 , 88 , 89 ], rams [ 20 , 90 , 91 ], bucks [ 62 , 92 ], and dogs [ 52 , 65 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 ]. The results of these studies essentially confirm a relationship between testicular arterial blood flow and seminal quality in both normal and pathological conditions.…”

Section: Colour Doppler and Power Dopplermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CEUS is based on the intravascular injection of specific ultrasound contrast agents (USCAs), consisting of microspheres containing gases stabilized by an outer shell [ 116 , 117 ]. Gases are eliminated through the lungs, while the stabilizing components are filtered by the kidneys and eliminated by the liver [ 86 , 118 , 119 ]. These microspheres reflect ultrasound echoes, significantly increasing the intensity of the signal in grey-scale and Doppler modes, enhancing visualization for approximately 5 min, depending on the contrast agent used.…”

Section: Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography (Ceus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CEUS enables the detection of several lesion attributes, including the presence or absence of contrast, wash-in (incoming phases) and wash-out (output), peak enhancement, temporal behaviour, perfusion characteristics, vascular anatomy, comparison with the surrounding tissues, and flow direction [ 86 , 117 , 122 ]. Some of these attributes can be quantitatively estimated within a specific region of interest (ROI) using the integrated software in ultrasound machines [ 3 ], which is able to calculate peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), and area under the curve (AUC).…”

Section: Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography (Ceus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound-Based Technologies for the Evaluation of Testicles in the Dog: Keystones and Breakthroughs

Bracco,

Gloria,

Contri

2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic tool extensively used in the andrology of human and domestic animals, including dogs. This review aims to provide an overview of various technologies based on ultrasound, from the basic B-Mode ultrasonography to the more recent advancements, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography (UEl), all of which are utilized in the evaluation of canine testicles. The review outlines the principles behind each of these technologies and discusses their application in assessing normal and abnormal testicular conditions. B-mode canine testicular ultrasonography primarily focuses on detecting focal lesions but has limitations in terms of objectivity. Other technologies, including Doppler ultrasonography, B-Flow, and CEUS, allow for the characterization of vascular patterns, which could be further measured using specific applications like spectral Doppler or quantitative CEUS. Additionally, ultrasound elastography enables the assessment of parenchyma stiffness both qualitatively and quantitatively. These ultrasound-based technologies play a crucial role in andrology by providing valuable information for evaluating testicular function and integrity, aiding in the identification of pathological conditions that may impact the health and quality of life of male dogs.

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Section: Colour Doppler and Power Dopplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography (Ceus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography (Ceus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound-Based Technologies for the Evaluation of Testicles in the Dog: Keystones and Breakthroughs

Bracco,

Gloria,

Contri

2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…The MTA is suggested earlier by more than one author as the best segment to assess TBF correctly (Ginther and Utt 2004 ; Gloria et al 2018 ; Samir et al 2021 ). Importantly, the identification of MTA and intratesticular artery in cats are difficult, perhaps due to the small testicular volume (Brito et al 2015 , 2018 ).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Characterizations Of Tbf In Various Anim...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals

et al. 2022

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In all organs, control of blood flow is important but might be particularly critical for testicular functions. This is because of the very low oxygen concentration and high metabolic rate of the seminiferous tubules, the physiological temperature of the testis, and its location outside the abdominal cavity. Many factors affect the characteristics of TBF in farm and companion animals, such as environment (thermal and seasonal effects) and physiological (species, breeds, age, body weight, and sexual maturity). Thermal environment stress has detrimental effects on spermatogenesis and consequently has more serious impacts on both human and animal fertility. Numerous studies have been performed to assess TBF in different animal species including bulls, rams, bucks, alpacas, stallions, and dogs with varied results. Hence, assessment of TBF by Doppler ultrasonography is of great importance to estimate the effect of high environment temperature on testicular functions. Also, differences observed in the TBF may result from different technical aspects such as the identification of the segment of the testicular artery to be examined. In the current review, we focused on the imperative roles of TBF in various animal species. Besides, we discussed in detail various factors that could affect TBF. These factors can significantly modify the TBF and thus should be considered when establishing reference values in farm animals for better clinical diagnosis. The information provided in this review is valuable for researchers and veterinarians to help them a better understanding of testicular hemodynamics for the proper evaluation of breeding soundness examination in males.

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“…10 A thorough reproductive examination in the tom should consist of manual palpation of the testicles, assessing for position, size, texture and symmetry, followed by ultrasound examination to assess any irregularities within the testicular parenchyma. Unfortunately, there is scant information in the literature concerning imaging of the normal feline testes; [11][12][13] although age-related histological changes in the testes have been reported, there is no description of diagnostic ultrasound. 14 The penis should be evaluated for any discolouration or discharge, and the presence of spines.…”

Section: Choice and Evaluation Of Breeding Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Insemination in Queens in the Clinical Practice Setting: Protocols and challenges

Zambelli

Cunto

2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Despite substantial advances in assisted reproductive techniques having been recently reported in cats, the use of these is limited and routine application is still far from being a reality in veterinary clinics. Nevertheless, there is an increasing demand from domestic cat breeders for artificial insemination (AI) techniques that are already commonly used in dogs. Where natural breeding is not possible in tom cats and queens of high breeding value, AI could offer a solution. Clinical challenges: AI in cats is more difficult than in other species – both in terms of semen collection/handling and oestrous cycle management given that ovulation must be induced. Aim: For practitioners wishing to perform AI in queens, there are challenges to overcome, and a good understanding of the techniques and procedures involved is pivotal. This review aims to contribute to improved knowledge by providing an overview of AI protocols, encompassing choice of breeding animals, procedures for semen collection, oestrus and ovulation induction, AI techniques and equipment. Equipment and technical skills: Depending on the animals involved and the specific AI technique chosen, essential equipment may include an artificial vagina, electroejaculator, endoscope (sialendoscope, which can be fairly expensive) and special catheters for transcervical insemination. Other instrumentation and materials needed are typically readily available in a veterinary clinic. In general, no particular skills are needed to perform the procedures described in this review, with the exception of endoscopic transcervical catheterisation, where the ability to use an endoscope is required. Evidence base: The information and advice/recommendations provided are based on specific feline research and reviews published in scientific peer-reviewed journals, animal reproduction textbooks, and presentations at national and international congresses. The authors also drew on their own clinical experience with regard to the choice of protocols and procedures presented in this review.

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Metodos ultrassonográficos para la evaluación de testículos en gatos

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Ultrasound-Based Technologies for the Evaluation of Testicles in the Dog: Keystones and Breakthroughs

Ultrasound-Based Technologies for the Evaluation of Testicles in the Dog: Keystones and Breakthroughs

An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals

Artificial Insemination in Queens in the Clinical Practice Setting: Protocols and challenges

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