Metrics definition for the product-service system complexity within mass customization and industry 4.0 environment

Abstract

The design and evaluation of Product-Service Systems (PSS) constitute a challenging problem due to its multidimensionality. This challenge becomes bigger when the PSS customization is required, within the new manufacturing paradigm of Industry 4.0. Nevertheless, the literature work regarding the customization of PSS and the PSS investigation within the Industry 4.0 is rare. Towards bridging these gaps, the present research work proposes a methodology for the quantification of PSS customization complexity, considering Industry 4.0 aspects. The proposed metrics are validated in different product-service scenarios.

Systemic and cyber-physical methodology for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Mexican companies of the automotive manufacturing industry

“…For this, there are several existing methodologies to analyze the complexity of production systems (Efthymiou, Mourtzis, Pagoropoulos, Papakostas, & Chryssolouris, 2016). Among these, those that have already had the focus on quantifying the complexity in systems where the implementation of I4.0 has been standing out, like methods based on Shannon's entropy (Martínez-Olvera, 2020a, 2020bMourtzis, Fotia, Boli, & Vlachou, 2019), where those that introduce fractional measures of one or more parameters stand out recently (Lopes & Machado, 2020; Ramirez Arellano, Hernández Simón, & Bory Reyes, 2021; Ramirez Arellano, Sigarreta Almira, & Bory Reyes, 2020); the vector analysis (Dimitris, Sophia, Nikoletta, & Pietro, 2018;Mourtzis, Fotia, & Boli, 2017); the Strategic Complexity Management (SCM) framework (Freund, Al-Majeed, & Millard, 2021a, 2021b; as well as Models-Based on Systems Engineering (MBSE) (Akundi & Lopez, 2021).…”

An Entropy-Based Formulation for Assessing the Complexity Level of a Mass Customization Industry 4.0 Environment

“…Some of the work in this venue includes Nielsen and Brunoe [67], who proposed two indexes to measure the level of mass customization, namely, the differentiation point index and the setup index, which take into account elements like number of different manufacturing processes, number of different manufactured varieties, average throughput time, number of setup, and related costs. Mourtzis et al [68,69] proposed an entropic measure to quantify the complexity before and after shifting from a traditional manufacturing system into a Manufacturing 4.0 manufacturing system. Mourtzis et al [27] propose a metric for the quantification of customization complexity, from an Industry 4.0 point of view, taking into account the quantity of the information managed, the diversity/variants of the exchanged information, and the content of the messages that transfers the information (the premise is that the increase in any of these elements increases the system's complexity significantly).…”

“…At this point, it must be noted that, in order for the βε MC 4.0 expression to truly represent the manufacturing complexity of a mass customization production system operating within an Industry 4.0 environment, the complexity contribution of the product, process, and resources elements must be taken into account. ese elements refer to (i) Product: the different number of manufactured products, the number of number of corresponding components and functions, and the overall products' mix ratio (ii) Process: the different routings for each product and the corresponding processing times (iii) Resources: the different types of machinery, number and type of operations capable of performing, and number of required setups Mass customization measurement [24,27,67] Mass customization and complexity [27,68,69] Mass customization and flexibility [22,[72][73][74][75] Flexibility and complexity [30] 4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering Now, Martínez-Olvera explained in his work of [76] (equation 1) and [77] (equation 2) why formulations such as the ones presented by [58,86] need to be modified in order to reflect the impact the BOM structure has on the process flow. In a similar way, equations (1) and (2) must be adapted in order to reflect the manufacturing complexity contribution to the mass customization production system operating within an Industry 4.0 environment:…”

The Digitization of Quality Control Operations with Cloud Platform Computing Technologies

“…It combines the flexibility and personalization of custom-made products with the low unit costs. The problem of mass customization is in connection to the Industry 4.0 concept, and variety based complexity issues were discussed by works Schmidt et al (2015), Modrak (2017), Rauch et al (2016); research results in complexity metrics problems for mass customization were published for example by works Mourtzis et al (2017Mourtzis et al ( , 2018, Modrak and Soltysova (2018).…”