Metrics of Natural Muscle Function

Meijer, K.

doi:10.1117/3.547465.ch3

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Details of the mechanisms are provided by Kohl as part of this special issue. The properties vary by species, as described by Full and Meijer [6]. Key characteristics of mammalian skeletal muscle are provided in Table I As mentioned, muscle does not surpass artificial actuators in any one aspect (for example continuous power to mass is an order of magnitude lower than that of an internal combustion engine).…”

Section: A Muscle and Biological Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Muscle Technology: Physical Principles and Naval Prospects

Madden

Vandesteeg

Anquetil

et al. 2004

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

938

905

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Section: A Muscle and Biological Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Muscle Technology: Physical Principles and Naval Prospects

Madden

Vandesteeg

Anquetil

et al. 2004

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

938

905

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“…Adding to this reflex latency is the time required for a muscle to generate force following stimulation, which is 10·ms in Blaberus leg muscles (Full and Meijer, 2001). Therefore, the fastest reflex response following a leg perturbation is not likely to occur before 16-20·ms have passed.…”

Section: Passive Leg Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

An isolated insect leg's passive recovery from dorso-ventral perturbations

Dudek

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Cockroaches recover rapidly from perturbations during high-speed running that allows them to cross unstructured terrains with no change in gait. Characterization of the exoskeletal material properties of the legs suggests that passive mechanical feedback could contribute to the self-stabilizing behavior. We imposed large, dorsal-ventrally directed impulsive perturbations to isolated hind legs having both a fixed and free body–coxa joint and measured their recovery. We tested a frequency-independent hysteretic damping model that effectively predicted the behavior of sinusoidal oscillations of isolated legs. Leg position reached its peak amplitude within 4–6 ms following an impulse. Position was 99% recovered within 16±3.3 ms for the stiffest possible leg configuration and within 46±6.6 ms for the most compliant leg configuration. The rapid recovery supports the hypothesis that passive musculo-skeletal properties play an important role in simplifying the control of high-speed locomotion.

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“…Key parameters to be measured as a function of applied load with this instrument include maximum active strain, power to mass, stored energy density, efficiency and cycle life. In addition methods typically used in muscle physiology such as the work-loop method or force velocity curves can also be employed to allow comparison of our artificial actuator technology with nature's muscle under common conditions 30…”

Section: Summary Of Key Relevant Properties and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in thiophene-based molecular actuators

Anquetil

Madden

et al. 2003

SPIE Proceedings

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A new class of molecular actuators where bulk actuation mechanisms such as ion intercalation are enhanced by controllable single molecule conformational rearrangements offers great promise to exhibit large active strains at moderate stresses. Initial activation of poly(quarterthiophene) based molecular muscles, for example, show active strains in the order of 20%. Molecular rearrangements in these conjugated polymers are believed to be driven by the formation of π-dimers (e.g. the tendency of π orbitals to align due to Pauli's exclusion principle) upon oxidation of the material creating thermodynamically stable molecular aggregates. Such thiophene based polymers, however, suffer from being brittle and difficult to handle. Polymer composites of the active polymer with a sulfated polymeric anion were therefore created and studied to increase the mechanical robustness of the films. This additional polyelectrolyte is a Sulfated Poly-β-Hydroxy Ether (S-PHE) designed to form a supporting elastic matrix for the new contractile compounds. Co-deposition of the polyanion with the conducting polymer material provides an elastic mechanical support to the relatively stiff conjugated polymer molecules, thus reducing film brittleness. The active properties of such poly(quarterthiophene)/S-PHE polymer actuator composites based on intrinsic molecular contractile units are presented and discussed.

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Metrics of Natural Muscle Function

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Artificial Muscle Technology: Physical Principles and Naval Prospects

Artificial Muscle Technology: Physical Principles and Naval Prospects

An isolated insect leg's passive recovery from dorso-ventral perturbations

Recent advances in thiophene-based molecular actuators

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