Metrics to monitor performance of patients with mild cognitive impairment using computer based games

Joshi, Vilas; Wallace, Bruce; Shaddy, A.; Knoefel, Frank; Goubran, Rafik; Lord, Courtney

doi:10.1109/bhi.2016.7455949

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Task performance improved for both the BrainHQ and Carleton puzzles. ( 20 , 21 ) Table 2 demonstrates that for the BrainHQ arm, the scores on the three domains utilized in this study (attention, brain speed, and memory) were significantly improved (p < .01).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Implementation of a Brain Training Pilot Study For People With Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveA pilot study to determine the feasibility of recruiting patients with MCI to test for cognitive interventions.MethodThirty patients with amnestic MCI were to be divided into two intervention arms and one control group. Participants went to local sites and completed brain training for one hour three times per week for nine weeks. Outcome measures were: recruitment, computer abilities, compliance, task performance, neuropsychological tests, and electroencephalography.ResultsAfter six months, only 20 participants had been recruited. Seventeen were allocated to one of the two intervention groups. Compliance was good and computer skills were not an obstacle. Participants improved their abilities in the modules, but there were no statistically significant changes on neuropsychological tests or EEG.ConclusionsRecruitment of MCI participants for extensive cognitive intervention is challenging, but achievable. This pilot study was not powered to detect clinical changes. Future trials should consider recruitment criteria, intervention duration, scheduling, and study location.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Implementation of a Brain Training Pilot Study For People With Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2018

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“…In the recent literature, a plethora of studies have been reported that demonstrate the advantages serious games are providing in order to improve the detection and evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases and precursor conditions of them, such as MCI. The research types of studies range from literature reviews [15], surveys [16] and methodological reviews [17], to more specialized research topics such as the use of special game-based metrics to detect MCI [18].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection Using Machine Learning Models Trained on Data Collected from Serious Games

Karapapas

Goumopoulos

2021

Applied Sciences

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an indicative precursor of Alzheimer’s disease and its early detection is critical to restrain further cognitive deterioration through preventive measures. In this context, the capacity of serious games combined with machine learning for MCI detection is examined. In particular, a custom methodology is proposed, which consists of a series of steps to train and evaluate classification models that could discriminate healthy from cognitive impaired individuals on the basis of game performance and other subjective data. Such data were collected during a pilot evaluation study of a gaming platform, called COGNIPLAT, with 10 seniors. An exploratory analysis of the data is performed to assess feature selection, model overfitting, optimization techniques and classification performance using several machine learning algorithms and standard evaluation metrics. A production level model is also trained to deal with the issue of data leakage while delivering a high detection performance (92.14% accuracy, 93.4% sensitivity and 90% specificity) based on the Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier. This preliminary study provides initial evidence that serious games combined with machine learning methods could potentially serve as a complementary or an alternative tool to the traditional cognitive screening processes.

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“…Finally, the study by Wallace et al [ 11 ] developed a word search game and sudoku that incorporated hints to reduce frustration among patients living with MCI. Their first study with 2 patients indicated that cognitive performance could be measured with COTS gameplay, comparing game performance with the MoCA and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status [ 69 ]. Synthesizing these results, these studies suggest that COTS games yield promise for the assessment of cognitive impairment but that further research is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting Digital Card Games to Yield Digital Biomarkers for the Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Methodological Approach and Exploratory Study

et al. 2021

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Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the intermediate cognitive status between normal cognitive decline and pathological decline, is an important clinical construct for signaling possible prodromes of dementia. However, this condition is underdiagnosed. To assist monitoring and screening, digital biomarkers derived from commercial off-the-shelf video games may be of interest. These games maintain player engagement over a longer period of time and support longitudinal measurements of cognitive performance. Objective This paper aims to explore how the player actions of Klondike Solitaire relate to cognitive functions and to what extent the digital biomarkers derived from these player actions are indicative of MCI. Methods First, 11 experts in the domain of cognitive impairments were asked to correlate 21 player actions to 11 cognitive functions. Expert agreement was verified through intraclass correlation, based on a 2-way, fully crossed design with type consistency. On the basis of these player actions, 23 potential digital biomarkers of performance for Klondike Solitaire were defined. Next, 23 healthy participants and 23 participants living with MCI were asked to play 3 rounds of Klondike Solitaire, which took 17 minutes on average to complete. A generalized linear mixed model analysis was conducted to explore the differences in digital biomarkers between the healthy participants and those living with MCI, while controlling for age, tablet experience, and Klondike Solitaire experience. Results All intraclass correlations for player actions and cognitive functions scored higher than 0.75, indicating good to excellent reliability. Furthermore, all player actions had, according to the experts, at least one cognitive function that was on average moderately to strongly correlated to a cognitive function. Of the 23 potential digital biomarkers, 12 (52%) were revealed by the generalized linear mixed model analysis to have sizeable effects and significance levels. The analysis indicates sensitivity of the derived digital biomarkers to MCI. Conclusions Commercial off-the-shelf games such as digital card games show potential as a complementary tool for screening and monitoring cognition. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02971124; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02971124

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Metrics to monitor performance of patients with mild cognitive impairment using computer based games

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Implementation of a Brain Training Pilot Study For People With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Implementation of a Brain Training Pilot Study For People With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection Using Machine Learning Models Trained on Data Collected from Serious Games

Dissecting Digital Card Games to Yield Digital Biomarkers for the Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Methodological Approach and Exploratory Study

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