Metrological determination of the frequency response of inductive voltage transformers up to 20 kHz

Buchhagen, Christoph; Fischer, Markus; Hofmann, Lutz; Daumling, H.

doi:10.1109/pesmg.2013.6672835

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This results in varying voltage ratio and phase displacement of the IVT frequency response at different frequencies. Studies have shown that the IVT frequency response is affected by resonance effects at different frequencies and these effects are unique to each IVT depending on numerous factors such as IVT design, voltage rating and insulation types [17,18]. Based on the fact that the resonance behaviour of IVT frequency response mainly depends on stray capacitances and inductances of the IVT, it is assumed that the presence of rated fundamental voltage component does not have a significant impact on the resonance behaviour of the IVT at high frequencies above 1 kHz.…”

Section: A Impact Of Nonlinearities On Inductive Voltage Transformer ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Dewayalage,

Robinson,

Elphick

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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This paper presents the details of the development, evaluation process, and results of linear and nonlinear time-invariant models used to represent the frequency response of inductive high-voltage instrument transformers. The study encompasses both sinusoidal and distorted quasi-sinusoidal test waveform conditions, focusing on harmonic voltage amplitude and phase-angle measurements up to 10 kHz. A linear time-invariant model was derived using a higher-order transfer-function estimation technique that minimized the least-squares error between the measured frequency response of the transformer and the estimated transfer function across harmonic orders ranging from 50 Hz to 10 kHz. Acknowledging the limited validity of the linear time-invariant model under multi-tone distorted waveform conditions, a nonlinear timeinvariant model employing a simplified Volterra series was introduced to represent the instrument transformer frequency response under multi-tone distorted waveform scenarios. The accuracy of both models was rigorously assessed using the experimental frequency responses obtained through sinusoidal lowvoltage-frequency sweep signals and multi-tone-distorted high-voltage waveforms. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of instrument transformers at high frequencies under different input voltage conditions, providing valuable insights into the accuracy of high-frequency harmonic measurements up to 10 kHz.INDEX TERMS Frequency domain analysis, frequency response, high-voltage techniques, instrument transformers, nonlinear systems, power quality, power system harmonics, transfer functions.

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Section: A Impact Of Nonlinearities On Inductive Voltage Transformer ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Dewayalage,

Robinson,

Elphick

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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show abstract

“…As previously stated, the linear system has mathematically infinite solutions, even with the assumptions outlined in (9). One potential approach, explored in other works [30][31][32], is to neglect the coupling capacitance between the outer phases, i.e., to consider C CA and C AC equal to 0.…”

Section: Compensation Of the Coupling Capacitancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative is to assign values obtained from FEM simulation to these parameters. Upon defining C CA , all parameters can be calculated by formulating the equations presented in (8), considering the assumptions given in (9).…”

Section: Compensation Of the Coupling Capacitancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In high-voltage substations, voltage measurement is often carried out using capacitive voltage transformers (CVT) or inductive voltage transformers (IVT). Although these devices provide accurate measurements at nominal frequency, their outputs deviate significantly at higher frequencies [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Consequently, this characteristic restricts their application for measuring fast transients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Transient Overvoltages by Capacitive Electric Field Sensors

Probst,

Beltle,

Tenbohlen

2024

Sensors

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The accurate measurement and the investigation of electromagnetic transients are becoming more important, especially with the increasing integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid. These sources introduce new transient phenomena due to the extensive use of power electronics. To achieve this, the measurement devices must have a broadband response capable of measuring fast transients. This paper presents a capacitive electric field sensor-based measurement system to measure transient overvoltages in high-voltage substations. The concept and design of the measurement system are first presented. Then, the design and concept are validated using tests performed in a high-voltage laboratory. Afterwards, two different calibration techniques are discussed: the simplified method (SM) and the coupling capacitance compensation (CCC) method. Finally, three recorded transients are evaluated using the calibration methods. The investigation revealed that the SM tends to overestimate the maximum overvoltage, highlighting the CCC method as a more suitable approach for calibrating transient overvoltage measurements. This measurement system has been validated using various measurements and can be an efficient and flexible solution for the long-term monitoring of transient overvoltages in high-voltage substations.

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“…As for the present research on ITs, it is highly developed and up to date [ 12 ]. For example, the calibration of VTs/CTs, digital ITs, and non-conventional ITs is treated in many papers [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The proposal of new testing techniques is discussed in [ 23 ], while refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Instrument Transformers under Realistic Conditions: Impact of Single and Combined Influence Quantities on Their Wideband Behavior

Letizia,

Crotti,

Mingotti

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Instrument transformers (ITs) play a key role in electrical power systems, facilitating the accurate monitoring and measurement of electrical quantities. They are essential for measurement, protection, and metering in transmission and distribution grids and accurately reducing the grid voltage and current for low-voltage input instrumentation. With the increase in renewable energy sources, electronic converters, and electric vehicles connected to power grids, ITs now face challenging distorted conditions that differ from the nominal ones. The study presented in this paper is a collaborative work between national metrology institutes and universities that analyzes IT performance in measuring distorted voltages and currents in medium-voltage grids under realistic conditions. Both current and voltage measuring transformers are examined, considering influence quantities like the temperature, mechanical vibration, burden, adjacent phases, and proximity effects. The study provides detailed insights into measurement setups and procedures, and it quantifies potential errors arising from IT behavior in measuring distorted signals in the presence of the various considered influence quantities and their combinations. The main findings reveal that the temperature has the most evident impact on the inductive voltage transformer performance, as well as the burden, causing significant changes in ratio error and phase displacement at the lower temperatures. As for low-power ITs, establishing a priori the effects of adjacent phases and proximity on the frequency responses of low-power ITs is a complex matter, because of their different characteristics and construction solutions.

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Metrological determination of the frequency response of inductive voltage transformers up to 20 kHz

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Measurement Based Linear and Nonlinear Time Invariant Representations for High Voltage Inductive Transformer Frequency Response up to 10 kHz

Measurement of Transient Overvoltages by Capacitive Electric Field Sensors

Characterization of Instrument Transformers under Realistic Conditions: Impact of Single and Combined Influence Quantities on Their Wideband Behavior

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