Metronidazole, acyclovir and tetrahydrobiopterin may be promising to treat COVID-19 patients, through interaction with interleukin-12

RETRACTED: Analysis of Conocurvone, Ganoderic acid A and Oleuropein molecules against the main protease molecule of COVID-19 by in silico approaches: Molecular dynamics docking studies

“…The RMSD is solved by equation 3 [ 33 , 24 , 32 , 27 ]: Where “ i” is variable i, “ N” is number of non-missing data points, “ x i ” is actual observations time series, and “ ^ x i ” is estimated time series.…”

“…This research aimed to investigate some naturally derived bioactive with previously reported anti-HIV, anti-malarial, and anti-SARS molecules against COVID-19 by computational approach mainly targeting main coronavirus protease via molecular docking and simulations and compared with the drug candidates which are being considered to treat COVID-19 [22] , [23] , [24] .…”

Can Nitazoxanide and/or other anti‐viral medications be a solution to long COVID? Case report with a brief literature review

“…It is an acyclic nucleoside analogue for guanosine and used to treat herpesvirus infections, including shingles and chicken‐pox 65,66 . Acyclovir mechanism of action in coronaviruses is unclear: It is thought to hinder: 1‐coronavirus RdRps 6 ; 2‐viral gene expressions 67 ; 3‐viral proteases 68 ; and/or 4‐IL‐12 binding to its receptor by changing the surface, thereby reducing hyper‐inflammation 69 …”

“…65,66 Acyclovir mechanism of action in coronaviruses is unclear: It is thought to hinder: 1-coronavirus RdRps 6 ; 2-viral gene expressions 67 ; 3-viral proteases 68 ; and/or 4-IL-12 binding to its receptor by changing the surface, thereby reducing hyper-inflammation. 69 Recent studies illustrated significant correlations across COVID-19, PASC and herpesviruses' reactivation, including Varicella-Zoster (causing shingles), Epstein-Barr, HSV-1 or Cytomegalovirus, attributed to COVID-19-induced lymphopenia. [70][71][72][73][74] For example, at the beginning of March 2021, aforementioned Patient-Y suffered shingles, which might have been consequential of PASC.…”

Treatment of Long-Haul COVID Patients With Off-Label Acyclovir

“…Acyclovir is now also being proposed to act by preventing the binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor. This is promising for the treatment of COVID-19 by treating the high levels of serum cytokines, inhibiting the cytokine storm inflammatory response [ 16 ]. The use of acyclovir is FDA-indicated for the treatment of herpes zoster infections, genital herpes, varicella, and herpes simplex virus encephalitis [ 17 , 18 ].…”