Metronidazole Metabolite and Gardnerella Vaginalis (Corynebacterium Vaginale)

Balsdon, MichaelJ

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92285-6

Cited by 16 publications

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“…The hydroxy metabolites of metronida zole may be more effective than the parent drug, at least against Gardnerella vaginalis, whereas the acid metabolite seems to be inactive [12][13][14], Both the parent drug and the hydroxy metabolite have been found in the vaginal fluid in comparable amounts af ter oral intake, whereas much lower amounts of the acid metabolite were recovered [19]. This relation is consistent with that in se rum, and would indicate that metabolic deg radation of the drug mainly takes place systemically (in the liver and possibly other organs) and not in the vagina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic Concentrations of Metronidazole and Its Main Metabolites after Intravenous Oral and Vaginal Administration

Fredricsson¹,

Hagström

Nord

et al. 1987

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Metronidazole kinetics was studied in 5 healthy women after a single dose given intravenously, orally or vaginally, 500, 400 and 500 mg, respectively. Serum levels of the drug and of its hydroxy and acid metabolites were assessed. The results after intravenous and oral boluses were consistent with previous reports. After vaginal dose maximum serum levels of about 1 µg/ml of the drug were obtained between 9 and 24 h after the dose. Maximum concentration of the hydroxy metabolite was about 0.3 µg/ml after 24 h. Bioavailability of the drug was 19 ± 3 % after the vaginal dose as compared to 100 ± 5 % after the oral dose. Daily insertion into the vagina of 500 mg metronidazole resulted in a maximum serum concentration of 1.2 ± 0.2 µg/ml of the parent drug and of 0.6 ± 0.1 µg/ml of the hydroxy metabolite after about 3 days (range 2–4) after which no accumulation was noted. Urinary excretion of the metabolites was considerably lower after vaginal than after intravenous or oral administration, but the proportion between the two metabolites in the urine was constant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the hydroxy metabolite may have stronger antimicrobial activity than metronidazole itself [12][13][14]. The paucity of pharmacokinetic data concerning the metab olites, particularly after vaginal administra tion, prompted this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Concentrations of Metronidazole and Its Main Metabolites after Intravenous Oral and Vaginal Administration

Fredricsson¹,

Hagström

Nord

et al. 1987

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Gardnerella vaginalis and its clinical syndrome

Balsdon

1982

Eur. J, Clin. Microbiol.

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The Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome is a well defined but benign condition characterized by a smelly vaginal discharge of pH greater than 5.0. It is not associated with inflammation. It often occurs in association with cervical infections. The microscopic appearance of the discharge is typical and diagnostic. The wet mount shows "clue cells" and "rafts" (floating clumps of small bacilli) and the Gram stain has the "pepper on salt" pattern of masses of small gram-variable bacilli. The amine test is an additional diagnostic aid. Cultures are useful but not necessary for diagnosis. The treatment of choice is oral metronidazole 400 mg twice daily for five days.

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In vitro activity of seventeen antimicrobial agents againstGardnerella vaginalis

Shanker¹,

Toohey²,

Munro³

1982

Eur. J, Clin. Microbiol.

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The in vitro activity of 17 antimicrobial agents was tested against 25 clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution. The isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, N-formimidoyl-thienamycin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and erythromycin. MIC90 for the beta-lactam antibiotics ranged from 0.12 mg/l for penicillin to 2 mg/l for ticarcillin. Cefoperazone was the most active cephalosporin, inhibiting all isolates at 1.0 mg/l. N-formimidoylthienamycin was the most active of the newer beta-lactam compounds inhibiting all isolates with a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. Clindamycin and erythromycin were highly active, inhibiting all isolates at 0.6 mg/l. Susceptibility to tetracycline, gentamicin, metronidazole and tinidazole varied between strains. All isolates were resistant to rosoxacin. The hydroxy-metabolites of metronidazole and tinidazole were more active than the parent compounds, inhibiting all isolates.

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Metronidazole Metabolite and Gardnerella Vaginalis (Corynebacterium Vaginale)

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Systemic Concentrations of Metronidazole and Its Main Metabolites after Intravenous Oral and Vaginal Administration

Systemic Concentrations of Metronidazole and Its Main Metabolites after Intravenous Oral and Vaginal Administration

Gardnerella vaginalis and its clinical syndrome

In vitro activity of seventeen antimicrobial agents againstGardnerella vaginalis

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