Metropolitan Forensic Anthropology Team (MFAT) Studies in Identification: 1. Race and Sex Assessment by Discriminant Function Analysis of the Postcranial Skeleton

Taylor, James V.; Dibennardo, Robert; Linares, Graciela H.; Goldman, Arthur D.; DeForest, P. R.

doi:10.1520/jfs11738j

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…At puberty, bone elements begin to exhibit strong sexual dimorphism as a result of the action of oestrogen and testosterone. Additionally, the greater physical strength and muscle mass of male individuals impact bone landmarks, which are more prominent to accommodate the ligaments and muscles that perform more robust work [109][110][111].…”

Section: Cervical Vertebrae and Hyoid Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of anatomy to forensic sex estimation: focus on head and neck bones

Mello-Gentil

Souza-Mello

2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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This study sought to provide an up-to-date review of the importance of anatomy to human identification, focusing on the usefulness of anatomical knowledge about the head and neck bones and teeth to sex estimation in routine forensic anthropology methods. A detailed search of osteology applications in forensic sex estimation was conducted through the electronic databases for the 10 years prior to July 2020. Relevant articles and classic literature on the subject were gathered and are outlined in this review. Among the available literature, several metric analyses showed accuracy superior to 80% in sexual diagnosis. Angles measured from the inclination of glabellae and analysis of the external frontal bone surface through three-dimensional computer-aided design emerge as reliable cranial indexes for sex estimation. in the mandible, the condylar and coronoid height, bigonial width, and coronion-gonion distance express significant sexual dimorphism. Measurements of the canine are the best option for sex estimation using teeth, as well as the thickness of the dentine or enamel of incisors. The axis vertebra surpasses other neck bones for sex estimation due to its atypical shape and the presence of the odontoid process. Metric analyses based on anatomy can provide reliable accuracy in sexual diagnosis. Adequate training and anatomical knowledge can reduce bias and interobserver differences, and the use of three-dimensional models and computed tomography images can enhance the accuracy of these methods for sex estimation. However, every method should be validated before being applied to a different population. KEY POINTS• Anatomy-based metric analyses can provide reliable accuracy in forensic sex estimation. • Glabellae inclination, external frontal bone surface, mandible, and canine teeth measurements can reach accuracies superior to 80% in sexual diagnosis.• The use of three-dimensional models and computed tomography images can enhance accuracy in sex estimation.• every method should be validated before being applied to a different population.

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Section: Cervical Vertebrae and Hyoid Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of anatomy to forensic sex estimation: focus on head and neck bones

Mello-Gentil

Souza-Mello

2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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“…In addition, most of the postcranial metric methods only differentiate between two groups (Baker et al, ; Ballard, 1999; Craig, ; Taylor & DiBennardo, ; Işcan, ; Marino, ; Ünlütürk, ). Studies in the last few decades combat standardization concerns by combining postcranial elements in a LDFA (Dibennardo & Taylor, ; Holliday & Falsetti, ; Işcan & Cotton, ; Krogman & Isçan, ; Liebenberg, L'Abbé, & Stull, ; Spradley, ; Taylor, Dibennardo, Linares, Goldman, & Deforest, ).…”

Section: Postcranial Metric Ancestry Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: A review

Dunn

Spiros

Kamnikar

et al. 2020

WIREs Forensic Science

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Forensic anthropologists assist law enforcement agencies and medical examiner's offices with investigations involving human remains, providing insight into trauma analysis, the establishment of postmortem interval, and the estimation of biological profile data. Ancestry is considered one of the more difficult aspects of the biological profile, due in large part to the complicated relationship between skeletal morphology and social constructs. The methods used to estimate ancestry rely on the correlation between skeletal morphology, geographic origin, and an individual's social race. While there is a well‐documented contemptible history associated with the development of ancestry estimation methods in biological anthropology, many of the more traditional, now antiquated, methods are still used in some laboratories. The push to improve the framework within which ancestry data are analyzed requires validation and reassessment for each method in addition to the development of novel approaches utilizing modern technological advances. An array of software programs designed to aid in ancestry estimation is available. These advances do not signal the end of ancestry‐related research. Indeed, several areas seemingly stagnated by tradition and time require further study through more than simply review and rarefaction. The future of ancestry estimation research centers on: (a) abandoning the trait list approach, (b) rejecting the three‐group model, (c) establishing larger and more representative reference data, (d) assessing the utility of mixed method models, and (e) developing new statistical approaches and updating current software tools. This article is categorized under: Forensic Anthropology > Ancestry Determination Forensic Medicine > Historical Perspectives Forensic Anthropology > Anthropology in Mass Disaster & War Crime Contexts

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Anthropological Analysis of the Lower Extremity

Tatarek

Sciulli

2005

Forensic Medicine of the Lower Extremity

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Metropolitan Forensic Anthropology Team (MFAT) Studies in Identification: 1. Race and Sex Assessment by Discriminant Function Analysis of the Postcranial Skeleton

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Contributions of anatomy to forensic sex estimation: focus on head and neck bones

Contributions of anatomy to forensic sex estimation: focus on head and neck bones

Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: A review

Anthropological Analysis of the Lower Extremity

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