Mevalonate governs interdependency of ergosterol and siderophore biosyntheses in the fungal pathogen
            <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>

Yasmin, Sabiha; Alcàzar-Fuoli, Laura; Gründlinger, Mario; Puempel, Thomas; Cairns, Timothy C.; Blatzer, Michael; López, Jordi F.; Grimalt, Joan O.; Bignell, Elaine; Haas, Hubertus

doi:10.1073/pnas.1106399108

Cited by 116 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The GC program and MS operation conditions were the same as those described previously (45,46). Sterol identification was based on interpretation and comparison of mass spectra and retention time data with previous data (45,47). The amount of each sterol (in micrograms) relative to the dry weight (in grams) of the fungus was calculated from three biological replicates analyzed in triplicate by GC-MS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida tropicalis Antifungal Cross-Resistance Is Related to Different Azole Target (Erg11p) Modifications

Forastiero

Mesa-Arango

Alastruey‐Izquierdo

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

100

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida tropicalis Antifungal Cross-Resistance Is Related to Different Azole Target (Erg11p) Modifications

Forastiero

Mesa-Arango

Alastruey‐Izquierdo

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

100

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“…In fungi acyl-CoA ligase SidI converts mevalonate to mevalonylCoA, and enoyl-CoA hydratase SidH transforms mevalonyl-CoA to anhydromevalonyl-CoA (33). We speculated that anhydromevalonyl-CoA could spontaneously cyclize into anhydromevalonolactone intracellularly.…”

Section: Construction Of a Nonnatural Metabolic Pathway For Biosynthementioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable production of mechanically tunable block polymers from sugar

Xiong¹,

Schneiderman

Bates³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

171

205

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Significance In recent years there has been extensive research toward the development of sustainable polymeric materials. However, environmentally benign, bioderived polymers still represent a woefully small fraction of plastics and elastomers on the market today. To displace the widely useful oil-based polymers that currently dominate the industry, a bioderived synthetic polymer must be both cost and performance competitive. In this paper we address this challenge by combining the efficient bioproduction of β-methyl-δ-valerolactone with controlled polymerization techniques to produce economically viable block polymer materials with mechanical properties akin to commercially available thermoplastics and elastomers.

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“…Family 2 comprised one S. cerevisiae protein, Fat2p, one A. nidulans protein, FatD, and N. crassa ACS-7 (encoded by NCU08935). An A. fumigatus homolog of one of the ACS proteins within family 1 in A. nidulans (AN0609), termed SidI, localized to the peroxisome and was recently characterized as a mevalonyl-CoA ligase involved in siderophore (triacetylfusarinine C [TAFC]) biosynthesis (45,46). Two additional ACSs in family 1 (AN5272 and AN4659) were identified by in silico sequence analysis and are predicted to localize to the peroxisome (AN5272) or to mitochondria (AN4659); AN4659 was predicted to have short-chain FA specificity (21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Role of Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Homologs in Lipid Metabolism in Neurospora crassa

et al. 2013

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Acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the activation of free fatty acids (FAs) to CoA esters by a two-step thioesterification reaction. Activated FAs participate in a variety of anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolic pathways, including de novo complex lipid biosynthesis, FA ␤-oxidation, and lipid membrane remodeling. Analysis of the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa identified seven putative fatty ACSs (ACS-1 through ACS-7). ACS-3 was found to be the major activator for exogenous FAs for anabolic lipid metabolic pathways, and consistent with this finding, ACS-3 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and septa. Double-mutant analyses confirmed partial functional redundancy of ACS-2 and ACS-3. ACS-5 was determined to function in siderophore biosynthesis, indicating alternative functions for ACS enzymes in addition to fatty acid metabolism. The N. crassa ACSs involved in activation of FAs for catabolism were not specifically defined, presumably due to functional redundancy of several of ACSs for catabolism of exogenous FAs. Lipids are essential components of all living cells. They are major components of biological membranes (e.g., phospholipids) and serve as energy reserves (e.g., triacylglycerols) as well as signaling molecules (e.g., sphingolipids and lysophosphatidic acid). In fungi, fatty acids (FAs) are synthesized de novo via the FA synthase complex (FAS type I) present in the cytosol (1) or in the mitochondria via a suite of enzymes, including an acyl carrier protein. These mitochondrial FAS type II enzymes are not present in a complex (2). Many fungi can also utilize exogenous FAs, both for incorporation into lipids and as a carbon source. In addition to incorporation into complex lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (3, 4) and mitochondria (5), FAs can be remodeled by desaturation and elongation (6-8) and degraded for energy production in the peroxisome (glyoxysome) (9, 10) and in the mitochondria (9, 11).One of the most important catalytic activities in lipid metabolism is activation of FAs by acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (ACS) (EC 6.2.1.3). Activated FAs participate in a number of cellular metabolic pathways, including synthesis of phospholipids, triacylglycerols, and cholesterol esters, FA elongation, FA desaturation, and ␤-oxidation. ACSs catalyze the two-step ATP-dependent reaction of FA activation, whereby first the FA substrate is adenylated to form an acyl-AMP intermediate and subsequently AMP is exchanged with CoA, forming a thioester bond to yield the activated acyl-CoA (12).The number of carbons present in the FA substrate of ACSs ranges from 2 to more than 26. The characteristic length of the FA substrate defines subfamilies of ACSs as short-chain (SC; 2 to 4 carbons), medium-chain (MC; 4 to 12 carbons), long-chain (LC; 12 to 20 carbons), very-long-chain (VLC; 18 to 26 carbons), and "bubblegum" (14 to 24 carbons) FA activators (13). All ACSs contain a highly conserved ATP/AMP binding motif (14), which is conserved among all...

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Mevalonate governs interdependency of ergosterol and siderophore biosyntheses in the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

Cited by 116 publications

References 55 publications

Candida tropicalis Antifungal Cross-Resistance Is Related to Different Azole Target (Erg11p) Modifications

Candida tropicalis Antifungal Cross-Resistance Is Related to Different Azole Target (Erg11p) Modifications

Scalable production of mechanically tunable block polymers from sugar

Physiological Role of Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Homologs in Lipid Metabolism in Neurospora crassa

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