“…These families experience various contexts in which their mobility unfolds; they may engage, for example, in high-status expatriation or skilled migration where all family members relocate together (Al Ariss and Syed 2011;Haslberger and Brewster, 2008;Legrand, Al Ariss and Bozionelos 2019), or in low-status expatriation/unskilled worker migration (people that are commonly referred to as 'migrant workers'; Alberti, Holgate and Tapia 2013;Kitching, 2018;Ozçelik et al, 2019) whose families remain behind in the home country. Such people number in the millions worldwide constituting over 10 per cent of the population in some countries (Bal 2016;Lahaie, Hayes, Piper and Heymann, 2009;Spindler-Ruiz 2020). These families may also be refugees and asylum seekers (Mexi, 2023;Walsh, 2021) -displaced families in cohabitating or separated arrangements as they navigate crises in their homeland that forces them to live in another country, at least temporarily until it is safe to go home.…”