Mexneurin is a novel precursor of peptides in the central nervous system of rodents

Matus-Ortega, Maura; Leff, Philippe; Calva-Nieves, Juan Carlos; Zamora, Anabel Flores; Salazar-Juárez, Alberto; Torner-Aguilar, Carlos-Alejandro; Gamba, Gerardo; Heros, Paola de los; Peng, Bonnie; Pintar, John E.; Gompf, Heinrich S.; Allen, Charles N.; Antón-Palma, Benito

doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12679

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the preceding years, we and many researchers have made efforts to find the preproendomorphin genes. In the course of this effort, no one has reported the precursor gene encoding the amino acid sequences of endomorphin‐1 and ‐2, although several groups, including ours, have identified nucleotide sequences that encode similar peptide sequences with endomorphins . The aim of this paper is to advocate a novel concept for identifying the missing preproendomorphin gene and putative peptide precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…tide sequences with endomorphins. [11] The aim of this paper is to advocate an ovel concept for identifying the missing preproendomorphin gene and putative peptidep recursors. We suggest herein the possibility of transcribing short peptides from putative protein genes already annotated by gene prediction programsw ith some epigenetic modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosynthetic Short Neuropeptides: A Rational Theory Based on Experimental Results for the Missing Pain‐Relief Opioid Endomorphin Precursor Gene

2019

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Endomorphins are neuropeptides that bind strongly to μ‐opioid receptors and are considered to play important roles in pain modulation and other biological functions. Two endomorphins have been identified, to date, endomorphine‐1 and ‐2; both are tetrapeptides and differ by only a single amino acid in the third position. Both peptides were isolated from bovine brains; however, their precursor genes have not been identified. In this study, a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the endomorphin‐1 peptide in an expressed sequence tag database has been found and a preproendomorphin‐like precursor peptide from human brain complementary DNA (cDNA) has been cloned. The cDNA consists of nucleotide sequences of two already annotated predicted genes, and the putative peptide differs by one amino acid from the isolated endomorphin peptides. It is proposed herein that there is the possibility of unknown short proteins or peptide precursors being missed by automated gene prediction programs based on similarities of known protein sequences. A novel concept of how to produce endomorphins from a similar peptide is described. The oxidatively modified base might provide a clue for understanding discrepancies between nucleotide sequences on the genome and those on cDNAs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthetic Short Neuropeptides: A Rational Theory Based on Experimental Results for the Missing Pain‐Relief Opioid Endomorphin Precursor Gene

2019

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“…Other endomorphin-like peptides have been reported, specifically mexneurin 1 (Mx 1), Mx 2, and Mx 3. These are encoded by prepromexneurin ( Matus-Ortega et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian opioid peptides: evolutionary considerations, functional roles and a challenge to address critical questions

Pierzchała-Koziec

Scanes

2023

Front. Physiol.

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The present review considers the putative hormonal opioid peptides in birds. In birds and all other vertebrates, there are four opioid related genes encoding a series of peptides. These genes are, respectively, proenkephalin (PENK), prodynorphin (PDYN), pronociceptin (PNOC) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Proenkephalin (PENK) encodes Met- and Leu-enkephalin together with peptides containing met enkephalin motifs in birds, mammals and reptiles. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) encodes β endorphin together with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). Prodynorphin (PDYN) encoding dynorphins A and B with α- and β-neoendorphins together intermediate polypeptides across the vertebrates. Pronociceptin (PNOC) encodes nociceptin together with possibly putative avian nocistatin and a non-opioid peptide derived from the C terminal of pronociceptin. There is a high degree of identity in the sequences of enkephalin peptides, dynorphin-A and B and nociceptin in birds and, to a less extent, across vertebrates. The opioid peptides exert effects related to pain together with other biological actions such as growth/development acting via a series of opioid receptors. What is unclear, particularly in birds, is the biological roles and interactions (additivity, antagonistic and synergistic) for the individual opioid peptides, the processing of the prohormones in different tissues and the physiological relevance of the different peptides and, particularly, of the circulating forms.

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Protein- und Peptid-Hormone von Vertebraten

Kleine¹,

Rossmanith²

2020

Hormone Und Hormonsystem - Lehrbuch Der Endokrinologie

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Mexneurin is a novel precursor of peptides in the central nervous system of rodents

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Biosynthetic Short Neuropeptides: A Rational Theory Based on Experimental Results for the Missing Pain‐Relief Opioid Endomorphin Precursor Gene

Biosynthetic Short Neuropeptides: A Rational Theory Based on Experimental Results for the Missing Pain‐Relief Opioid Endomorphin Precursor Gene

Avian opioid peptides: evolutionary considerations, functional roles and a challenge to address critical questions

Protein- und Peptid-Hormone von Vertebraten

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