MgO/SiO2 prepared by wet-kneading as a catalyst for ethanol conversion to 1,3-butadiene: Prins condensation as the predominant mechanism

Porous Magnesium Oxide by Twin Polymerization: From Hybrid Materials to Catalysis

“…A possible explanation for the low overall yields is related to the formation of 1,3-butadiene by direct deoxidization rather than completion of the proton return reaction towards the crotyl alcohol as is discussed in literature. [30,89,91,93,94] The overall yield of the identified products increases from MgO_2 to MgO_2-rec and from MgO_1 to MgO_1-rec indicating that this deoxygenation reaction becomes more hindered in the recycled catalysts compared to the original ones. Due to the non-formation of octatrienal (16) the formation of higher chained side products (> C 10 ) could be excluded for MgO_1 and MgO_2 and their recycled forms.…”

A study of the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene: effects of chemical and structural heterogeneity on the activity of MgO–SiO2 mixed oxide catalysts

“…The most commonly used supports/catalysts for the reaction are mixed oxides, such as MgO–SiO 2 3–29 or ZrO 2 –SiO 2 , 30–34 and their derivatives, obtained through modification by metals, such as Ag, 4,27,31,35,36 Cu, 16,27,33 and Au, 10 or by metal oxides ZrO 2 , 9,36,37 ZnO, 9,16,19,23,32,37 In 2 O 3 , 23 and Ga 2 O 3 . 23,38 Previous studies have shown that neat mixed oxides have significant catalytic activity in the ETB reaction and that additives can increase the activity by promoting ethanol dehydrogenation and C–C coupling reactions.…”