MgxCu-biochar activated peroxydisulfate triggers reductive species for the reduction and enhanced electron-transfer degradation of electron-deficient aromatic pollutants

Ferrate(VI) Activation with Nanoconfined Cu–Mg Sites for Water Treatment: Selective Cu(III) Production via Support-Dependent Redox Catalysis

“…Specifically, Cu(II) was formed as an intermediate during the Fe(VI)-induced oxidation of reduced Cu, including Cu 0 and Cu(I), to Cu(III) and as a product of Cu(III)-induced organic oxidation. This accords with the finding that the Cu LMM Auger spectrum of spent Cu–Mg–C 3 N 4 significantly shifted toward lower kinetic energy due to the increase in the Cu oxidation state, which contrasted with the minor shift of the Auger peak for Cu–Mg–SiO 2 and Cu–Mg–k10 (Figure b). The Mg 1s XPS spectral features of three Cu–Mg catalysts aligned with the relative strength of MSIs (Figure c).…”

“…The CuMg cluster and binary mixture of CuO–MgO (present as separate phases) were used for the conceptual models of Cu–Mg–C 3 N 4 and Cu–Mg–SiO 2 (or Cu–Mg–k10), respectively. The generalized gradient approximation with a Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof method was selected as the exchange-correlation functional . The effective core potential method was used to replace the inner electrons of 3d transition metals whereas the double numerical plus polarization basis set was applied for the valence electron treatment .…”

“…The generalized gradient approximation with a Perdew−Burke−Ernzerhof method was selected as the exchange-correlation functional. 23 The effective core potential method was used to replace the inner electrons of 3d transition metals whereas the double numerical plus polarization basis set was applied for the valence electron treatment. 26 Detailed information is provided in Text S1.…”

“…The dry products underwent calcination in a muffle furnace at 350 °C for 3 h and washing thrice with distilled water to obtain Cu−Mg catalysts. 23 The Cu contents in Cu−Mg−C 3 N 4 , Cu− Mg−SiO 2 , and Cu−Mg−k10 were determined by a digestion method (atomic absorption spectroscopic quantification of Cu that was extracted from the samples using concentrated HNO 3 at 180 °C) to be ca. 25.56, 21.23, and 14.98%, respectively.…”

“…All experiments were performed in room temperature at least in triplicate to ensure data reliability. Other analytical methods for the chromatographic determination of organic concentrations, electrochemical measurements, 23 qualitative product analysis, and colorimetric quantification of Br −25 for the conceptual models of Cu−Mg−C 3 N 4 and Cu−Mg− SiO 2 (or Cu−Mg−k10), respectively. The generalized gradient approximation with a Perdew−Burke−Ernzerhof method was selected as the exchange-correlation functional.…”