“…A large HLA class I and II alleles study including 4037 individuals from three ethnic groups (White, Asian, and African American) confirmed the association of HLA-B27 with axSpA, which was higher in Han Chinese (93%) and Whites (87.8%) compared to African American (59.7%), and identified other alleles predisposing to axSpA (HLA-A29, B14, B38, B40, B49, B52, DRB1∗11, DPB1∗03:01) [15]. These results were also confirmed by a large study including 1637 East Asian axSpA cases and 1589 ethnically-matched controls, where the associations with HLA-B27, HLA-B40, and HLA-C15, as well as novel association with HLA-DQB1∗04 were identified [16]. While studying SpA in a real-life setting, several cohorts (Table 1) confirmed the previously described associations with HLA-B27, with higher frequencies in axSpA (71.2–89.4%) compared to the whole group of SpA.…”