Mhc-DRB genes evolution in lemurs

Go, Yasuhiro; Satta, Yoko; Kawamoto, Y.; Rakotoarisoa, Gilbert; Randrianjafy, Albert; Koyama, Naoki; Hirai, Hirohisa

doi:10.1007/s00251-002-0480-6

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…As we found no indels or evidence for a pseudogene but evidence for selection processes (see below), we assume all alleles to be functional. The alleles Chme-DRB*Wa03 and Chme-DRB*Wb03 have already been identified in a previous study (Go et al, 2002). Within one individual, we found between two and four different alleles, which indicated a duplication of the DRB gene in this species.…”

Section: Molecular Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 54%

Neutral versus adaptive genetic variation in parasite resistance: importance of major histocompatibility complex supertypes in a free-ranging primate

et al. 2007

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Current discussions in evolutionary ecology and conservation genetics focus on the relative importance of using selective neutral markers or markers of coding genes to identify adaptive and evolutionary relevant processes. Genetic diversity might be particularly important in immune genes (e.g., in genes of the major histocompatibility complex, MHC), which are influencing pathogen and parasite resistance. We investigated the effects of neutral versus adaptive genetic variation in parasite resistance in a natural population of fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius). No association between neutral overall individual genetic diversity and parasite load could be detected. In 149 individuals, we identified 50 MHC class II alleles of the functionally important duplicated DRB locus. The investigation of the functional importance of immune gene (MHC) diversity and parasite selection in natural populations is often problematic due to extensive polymorphism in the MHC genes and restrictions in available sample sizes. Here, for the first time we applied an approach that has been developed in human medical studies. Eleven MHC class II supertypes were identified based on shared antigen-binding similarities. The number of individual MHC supertypes had no influence on the nematode burden. However, we found evidence for a specific MHC supertype (supertype 1) that was linked to infected individuals, a higher number of different nematode infections and high intensity of infection per individual. Moreover, one rare MHC supertype (supertype 7) was revealed to be advantageous with respect to parasite burden. Thus, our results add evidence to the small body of studies that show significant associations between specific MHC constitutions and naturally occurring parasites in the complexity of natural populations.

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Section: Molecular Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 54%

Neutral versus adaptive genetic variation in parasite resistance: importance of major histocompatibility complex supertypes in a free-ranging primate

et al. 2007

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“…Nevertheless, integrating lemurs into comparative patterns of MHC evolution is interesting due to their long isolated evolutionary history (Go et al 2002, 2003; Perelman et al 2011). The grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ), a small nocturnal and solitary forager, is the best studied lemur species concerning MHC diversity (Averdam et al 2011; Schad et al 2004, 2005; Schwensow et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale MHC class II genotyping of a wild lemur population by next generation sequencing

et al. 2012

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The critical role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in disease resistance, along with their putative function in sexual selection, reproduction and chemical ecology, make them an important genetic system in evolutionary ecology. Studying selective pressures acting on MHC genes in the wild nevertheless requires population-wide genotyping, which has long been challenging because of their extensive polymorphism. Here, we report on large-scale genotyping of the MHC class II loci of the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) from a wild population in western Madagascar. The second exons from MHC-DRB and -DQB of 772 and 672 individuals were sequenced, respectively, using a 454 sequencing platform, generating more than 800,000 reads. Sequence analysis, through a stepwise variant validation procedure, allowed reliable typing of more than 600 individuals. The quality of our genotyping was evaluated through three independent methods, namely genotyping the same individuals by both cloning and 454 sequencing, running duplicates, and comparing parent–offspring dyads; each displaying very high accuracy. A total of 61 (including 20 new) and 60 (including 53 new) alleles were detected at DRB and DQB genes, respectively. Both loci were non-duplicated, in tight linkage disequilibrium and in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, despite the fact that sequence analysis revealed clear evidence of historical selection. Our results highlight the potential of 454 sequencing technology in attempts to investigate patterns of selection shaping MHC variation in contemporary populations. The power of this approach will nevertheless be conditional upon strict quality control of the genotyping data.

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“…On the other hand, we also recorded identical class I and class II allelic variants shared between Centrocercus and Tympanuchus. MHC allele sharing across genera has been observed rarely and is usually attributed to trans-species polymorphism resulting from retention of ancestral allelic variants (Go et al, 2002;Meyer-Lucht et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse—effects of selection and gene conversion

et al. 2016

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Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode receptor molecules that are responsible for recognition of intracellular and extracellular pathogens (class I and class II genes, respectively) in vertebrates. Given the different roles of class I and II MHC genes, one might expect the strength of selection to differ between these two classes. Different selective pressures may also promote different rates of gene conversion at each class. Despite these predictions, surprisingly few studies have looked at differences between class I and II genes in terms of both selection and gene conversion. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of MHC class I and II genes in five closely related species of prairie grouse (Centrocercus and Tympanuchus) that possess one class I and two class II loci. We found striking differences in the strength of balancing selection acting on MHC class I versus class II genes. More than half of the putative antigen-binding sites (ABS) of class II were under positive or episodic diversifying selection, compared with only 10% at class I. We also found that gene conversion had a stronger role in shaping the evolution of MHC class II than class I. Overall, the combination of strong positive (balancing) selection and frequent gene conversion has maintained higher diversity of MHC class II than class I in prairie grouse. This is one of the first studies clearly demonstrating that macroevolutionary mechanisms can act differently on genes involved in the immune response against intracellular and extracellular pathogens.

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Mhc-DRB genes evolution in lemurs

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Neutral versus adaptive genetic variation in parasite resistance: importance of major histocompatibility complex supertypes in a free-ranging primate

Neutral versus adaptive genetic variation in parasite resistance: importance of major histocompatibility complex supertypes in a free-ranging primate

Large-scale MHC class II genotyping of a wild lemur population by next generation sequencing

Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse—effects of selection and gene conversion

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