MI-Environment: Geospatial patterns and inequality of relative heat stress vulnerability in Michigan

Koman, Patricia D.; Romo, Frank; Swinton, Peter; Mentz, Graciela; Majo, Ricardo F. de; Sampson, Natalie; Hill-Knott, Kimberly; Williams, Guy O.; OʼNeill, Marie S.; Schulz, Amy J.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102228

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Efforts to reduce heat and air pollution exposures, such as green roofs ( 32 ) or weatherization interventions ( 33 ), may be particularly impactful in these areas of the city. In general, both heat and air pollution exposures disproportionately affect communities of color and the economically disadvantaged ( 34 , 35 ), further motivating research and action addressing the independent and cumulative effects of these exposures to reduce disparities in heat- and air pollution-related health effects ( 13 , 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and comparing central and room air conditioning ownership and cold-season in-home thermal comfort using the American Housing Survey

Gronlund

Berrocal

2020

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Household-level information on central (cenAC) and room (rmAC) air conditioning and cold-weather thermal comfort are often missing from publicly available housing databases hindering research and action on climate adaptation and air pollution exposure reduction. We modeled these using information from the American Housing Survey for 2003–2013 and 140 U.S. core-based statistical areas employing variables that would be present in publicly available parcel records. We present random-intercept logistic regression models with either cenAC, rmAC or “home was uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more” (tooCold) as outcome variables and housing value, rented vs. owned, age, and multi- vs. single-family, each interacted with cooling- or heating-degree days as predictors. The out-of-sample predicted probabilities for years 2015–2017 were compared to corresponding American Housing Survey values (0 or 1). Using a 0.5 probability threshold, the model had 63% specificity (true negative rate), and 91% sensitivity (true positive rate) for cenAC, while specificity and sensitivity for rmAC were 94% and 34%, respectively. Area-specific sensitivities and specificities varied widely. For tooCold, the overall sensitivity was effectively 0%. Future epidemiologic studies, heat vulnerability maps, and intervention screenings may reliably use these or similar AC models with parcel-level data to improve understanding of health risk and the spatial patterning of homes without AC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and comparing central and room air conditioning ownership and cold-season in-home thermal comfort using the American Housing Survey

Gronlund

Berrocal

2020

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…These epidemiologic analyses can be used to quantify variability in susceptible subgroups if the populations examined include biologically susceptible and/or socially disadvantaged subgroups. Additionally, susceptibility factors can be estimated from survey research (e.g., US Census “American Community Survey” [ 105 ], the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), special studies) [ 106 ], and geographic information system (GIS) techniques and principal component analyses have been used to develop indices and characterize the geospatial location or cumulative exposure of susceptible and highly exposed groups (e.g., EPA’s EJScreen [ 64 , 107 ], CalEnviroScreen [ 108 , 109 ], MI-Environment [for heat, but social factors are combined [ 110 ]], Community Approaches to Promoting Healthy Environments (CAPHE) [for air pollution in Detroit [ 111 ]], and others [ 2 , 112 ]).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current practice and recommendations for advancing how human variability and susceptibility are considered in chemical risk assessment

et al. 2023

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A key element of risk assessment is accounting for the full range of variability in response to environmental exposures. Default dose-response methods typically assume a 10-fold difference in response to chemical exposures between average (healthy) and susceptible humans, despite evidence of wider variability. Experts and authoritative bodies support using advanced techniques to better account for human variability due to factors such as in utero or early life exposure and exposure to multiple environmental, social, and economic stressors.This review describes: 1) sources of human variability and susceptibility in dose-response assessment, 2) existing US frameworks for addressing response variability in risk assessment; 3) key scientific inadequacies necessitating updated methods; 4) improved approaches and opportunities for better use of science; and 5) specific and quantitative recommendations to address evidence and policy needs.Current default adjustment factors do not sufficiently capture human variability in dose-response and thus are inadequate to protect the entire population. Susceptible groups are not appropriately protected under current regulatory guidelines. Emerging tools and data sources that better account for human variability and susceptibility include probabilistic methods, genetically diverse in vivo and in vitro models, and the use of human data to capture underlying risk and/or assess combined effects from chemical and non-chemical stressors.We recommend using updated methods and data to improve consideration of human variability and susceptibility in risk assessment, including the use of increased default human variability factors and separate adjustment factors for capturing age/life stage of development and exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors. Updated methods would result in greater transparency and protection for susceptible groups, including children, infants, people who are pregnant or nursing, people with disabilities, and those burdened by additional environmental exposures and/or social factors such as poverty and racism.

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“…There are several indicators that measure socioeconomic status at individual and area levels, including household income (28,36,50,53,70,136,148,(166)(167)(168)(169)(170), neighborhood deprivation (105,137,144), labor force participation (42,48,148), poverty (22,24,48,58,62,70,72,73,81,85,89,90,93,95,98,100,102,111,112,116,162,(171)(172)(173), gross domestic product (174)(175)(176), income inequality (172,176,177), unemployment (41,49,…”

Section: Economics and Socioeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social vulnerability indicators to the Health Impacts of Climate Change: A Scoping Review

Li¹,

Toll²,

Bentley³

2022

Preprint

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This paper is a scoping review of social vulnerability to the health effects of climate change. The review provides an overview of the state of literature on social vulnerability indicators published in English between 2012 and 2022. An initial corpus of 1307 studies were identified from four bibliographic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and CAB direct) and after screening 205 relevant studies were identified that contained social vulnerability indicators that mediated between climate change impacts and health outcomes. A frequency analysis was conducted to show the overall scope of the research and a thematic analysis of the results was conducted to examine substantive trends within the literature. A total of 125 indicators of social vulnerability were identified yet a relatively small set of indicators received most of the attention. Indicators that operationalized social vulnerability beyond individual and demographic characteristics were found to be under-researched and needed to further support climate resilience and adaptation planning.

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MI-Environment: Geospatial patterns and inequality of relative heat stress vulnerability in Michigan

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Modeling and comparing central and room air conditioning ownership and cold-season in-home thermal comfort using the American Housing Survey

Modeling and comparing central and room air conditioning ownership and cold-season in-home thermal comfort using the American Housing Survey

Current practice and recommendations for advancing how human variability and susceptibility are considered in chemical risk assessment

Social vulnerability indicators to the Health Impacts of Climate Change: A Scoping Review

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