MiAMP1, a novel protein from Macadamia integrifolia adopts a greek key β-barrel fold unique amongst plant antimicrobial proteins 1 1Edited by P. E. Wright

McManus, Ailsa M.; Nielsen, Katherine J.; Marcus, John P.; Harrison, Stuart J.; Green, Jodie L.; Manners, John M.; Craik, David J.

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3163

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Three SSPs (Ecp20-1, Ecp20-2, and Ecp20-3) were consistently predicted to have structural homology to Alt a 1 (RCSB protein databank numbers 3V0R and 4AUD), an allergen protein with a b-barrel fold (Chruszcz et al 2012) from the broad host-range Dothideomycete fungal plant pathogen and saprophyte Alternaria alternata (Supplementary Table S2). Four SSPs (Ecp4, Ecp7, Ecp29 [CTR], and Ecp30) were consistently predicted to have structural homology to proteins with a b/g-crystallin fold, including the plant antimicrobial protein MiAMP1 from Macadamia integrifolia (1C01) (McManus et al 1999) and the yeast killer toxin WmKT from Williopsis mrakii (1WKT) (Antuch et al 1996). Three other SSPs (Ecp28-1, Ecp28-2, and Ecp28-3) were consistently predicted to have structural homology to one or both the a and b subunits of KP6 (1KP6 and 4GVB), a virus-encoded antifungal killer toxin with an a/b-sandwich fold secreted by the fungal corn smut pathogen Ustilago maydis (Allen et al 2013a;Li et al 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In MiAMP1, all six Cys residues are known to form intramolecular disulphide bonds (Cys11-Cys65, Cys21-Cys76, and Cys23-Cys49) (McManus et al 1999). Inspection of the predicted Ecp4 structure, which was modeled using MiAMP1 as a template, suggests that two of the conserved Cys pairs, Cys16/Cys84 and Cys35/Cys67, form intramolecular disulphide bonds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, Ecp4, Ecp7, and Ecp29 (CTR) were found to share a Cys spacing profile with MiAMP1, a plant antimicrobial protein with a b/g-crystallin fold from nut kernels of M. integrifolia (Marcus et al 1997;McManus et al 1999). Purified MiAMP1 exhibits broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against several plant-pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and gram-positive bacteria in vitro (Marcus et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Hypersensitive Response–Associated Recognition of New Apoplastic Effectors from Cladosporium fulvum in Wild Tomato

Mesarich

Ökmen

Rövenich

et al. 2018

MPMI

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Tomato leaf mold disease is caused by the biotrophic fungus Cladosporium fulvum. During infection, C. fulvum produces extracellular small secreted protein (SSP) effectors that function to promote colonization of the leaf apoplast. Resistance to the disease is governed by Cf immune receptor genes that encode receptor-like proteins (RLPs). These RLPs recognize specific SSP effectors to initiate a hypersensitive response (HR) that renders the pathogen avirulent. C. fulvum strains capable of overcoming one or more of all cloned Cf genes have now emerged. To combat these strains, new Cf genes are required. An effectoromics approach was employed to identify wild tomato accessions carrying new Cf genes. Proteomics and transcriptome sequencing were first used to identify 70 apoplastic in planta-induced C. fulvum SSPs. Based on sequence homology, 61 of these SSPs were novel or lacked known functional domains. Seven, however, had predicted structural homology to antimicrobial proteins, suggesting a possible role in mediating antagonistic microbe-microbe interactions in planta. Wild tomato accessions were then screened for HR-associated recognition of 41 SSPs, using the Potato virus X-based transient expression system. Nine SSPs were recognized by one or more accessions, suggesting that these plants carry new Cf genes available for incorporation into cultivated tomato.Leaf mold disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is caused by the biotrophic Dothideomycete fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Passalora fulva and Fulvia fulva) (Thomma et al. 2005). The fungus likely originated in South America, the center of origin for tomato (Jenkins 1948), with Nucleotide sequence data is available in the GenBank database under the following accession numbers: Ecp6, KX943112; Ecp7, KX943113; Ecp8, KX943038; Ecp9-1, KX943041; Ecp9-2, KX943114; Ecp9-3, KX943115; Ecp9-4, KX943116; Ecp9-5, KX943117; Ecp9-6, KX943118; Ecp9-7, KX943119; Ecp9-8, KX943120; Ecp9-9, KX943081; Ecp10-1, KX943046; Ecp10-2, KX943063; Ecp10-3, KX943121; Ecp11-1, KX943050; Ecp12, KX943058; Ecp13, KX943065; Ecp14-1, KX943087; Ecp14-2, KX943122; Ecp15, KX943091; Ecp16, KX943080; Ecp17, KX943051; Ecp18, KX943035; Ecp19-1, KX943036; Ecp19-2, KX943048; Ecp20-1, KX943037; Ecp20-2, KX943057; Ecp20-3, KX943096; Ecp21-1, KX943039; Ecp22, KX943040; Ecp23, KX943044; Ecp24-1, KX943045; Ecp24-2, KX943094; Ecp25, KX943047; Ecp26, KX943052; Ecp27, KX943054; Ecp28-1, KX943056; Ecp28-2, KX943088; Ecp28-3, KX943090; Ecp29, KX943103; Ecp30, KX943076; Ecp31, KX943059; Ecp32-1, KX943062; Ecp32-2, KX943101; Ecp33, KX943066; Ecp34, KX943067; Ecp35, KX943068; Ecp36-1, KX943069; Ecp37, KX943072; Ecp38, KX943073; Ecp39, KX943074; Ecp40, KX943079; Ecp41, KX943082; Ecp42, KX943083; Ecp43-1, KX943089; Ecp44, KX943092; Ecp45, KX943093; Ecp46, KX943095; Ecp47, KX943097; Ecp48, KX943098; Ecp49-1, KX943099; Ecp50-1, KX943100; Ecp51, KX943102; Ecp52, KX943104; Ecp53-1, KX943105; Ecp54-1, KX943107; Ecp55, KX943108; Ecp56, KX943110; Ecp57-1,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Specific Hypersensitive Response–Associated Recognition of New Apoplastic Effectors from Cladosporium fulvum in Wild Tomato

Mesarich

Ökmen

Rövenich

et al. 2018

MPMI

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“…The three-dimensional structure of b-barrelins is very similar to that of the fungal killer toxin HM-1, which interacts with b-(1,3)-glucans and blocks their synthesis (Kasahara et al 1994;McManus et al 1999). Regarding biotechnological applications, expression in canola of b-barrelins from macadamia and pine resulted in increased resistance to fungal pathogens (Kazan et al 2002;Verma et al 2012).…”

Section: B-barrelinsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…4.1g). This protein, which is 76 amino acids long, forms a barrel of eight b-strands that includes three disulfide bonds (McManus et al 1999). Sequence conservation is high in the family and basic amino acids are abundant.…”

Section: B-barrelinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

New Antimicrobial Agents of Plant Origin

Sampedro

Valdivia

2013

Antimicrobial Compounds

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Plants are constantly under attack by microbial pathogens. As part of their defensive arsenal, they use antimicrobial peptides such as thionins, defensins, lipid transfer proteins, hevein-like peptides, knottins, cyclotides, b-barrelins, and others. In addition, they produce a diversity of antimicrobial metabolites. Those where the evidence for a role in plant defense is stronger include benzoxazinoids, camalexin, and glucosinolates among the alkaloids; flavonoids and stilbenes among the phenylpropanoids; and also terpenoids such as saponins. Our understanding of these plant antimicrobial agents has increased significantly in recent years with new information on their distribution, synthesis, regulation, in vivo function, and mechanism of action. Plant antimicrobial agents have a large potential for biotechnological applications. Engineered plants with increased disease resistance have been achieved using almost every family of antimicrobial peptides. There have been also been successes in using metabolic engineering to increase the production of antimicrobial compounds, as in the case of stilbenes and glucosinolates. Commercial applications using both approaches are likely to appear soon. The use of plant antimicrobials in human medicine is probably further in the future, although there are promising antifungal agents like defensin peptides, and saponins. With more than a quarter million species and a particularly diverse specialized metabolism, the richness of plant antimicrobials has barely been explored. Plant Antimicrobial DefensesWild plants are quite successful at keeping bacterial and fungal pathogens at bay. In addition to physical barriers, they have an immune system capable of detecting and responding to the presence of pathogens. The first layer of defense is based on

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Two‐, Three‐ and Four‐ Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Biomolecules

Craik

Scanlon

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is associated with transitions, induced by radiofrequency (RF) irradiation, between energy levels of nuclei with nonzero spin quantum numbers in a magnetic field. Traditional “one‐dimensional” (1D) NMR spectra are presented as a plot of signal intensity versus applied frequency and provide information about the chemical environment of magnetically active nuclei. This is used to deduce information about the chemical structure and dynamics of molecules containing the magnetically active nuclei (most often protons). The frequencies of individual nuclei are referred to as their chemical shifts. Multidimensional NMR encompasses a range of related techniques, based on application of a variety of precisely timed RF pulses to the sample, which extends traditional 1D NMR into two, three, or four frequency dimensions. These additional frequency dimensions may be the same as the first frequency dimension, referred to as homonuclear multidimensional NMR, or different, referred to as heteronuclear NMR. In multidimensional NMR of biomolecules the most common frequencies correspond to 1 H in the directly detected dimension and one or more of 1 H, 13 C or 15 N in the additional dimensions. Peaks in such spectra are defined by their intensity and by their frequency coordinates in two, three, or four dimensions obtained by extrapolation back to the respective frequency axes, which are in turn determined by the nature of the applied RF pulse sequences. The intensity and chemical shifts of such peaks provide information about chemical environment, molecular connectivity, or spatial proximity of the participating nuclei. Multidimensional NMR has major advantages over 1D NMR: reduction of peak overlap and provision of information on connectivity (either through bonds or through space). Multidimensional NMR of biomolecules is usually done for samples in solution at millimolar concentration. Where experiments require the use of 13 C or 15 N frequencies, it is usually necessary to enrich isotopically the macromolecule with these nuclei to >90%. This is readily achieved with modern molecular biology techniques and does not present a major limitation. The biggest limitation relates to molecular size, with studies generally limited to macromolecules of less than approximately 35 kDa.

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MiAMP1, a novel protein from Macadamia integrifolia adopts a greek key β-barrel fold unique amongst plant antimicrobial proteins 1 1Edited by P. E. Wright

Cited by 59 publications

References 29 publications

Specific Hypersensitive Response–Associated Recognition of New Apoplastic Effectors from Cladosporium fulvum in Wild Tomato

Specific Hypersensitive Response–Associated Recognition of New Apoplastic Effectors from Cladosporium fulvum in Wild Tomato

New Antimicrobial Agents of Plant Origin

Two‐, Three‐ and Four‐ Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Biomolecules

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