Mica-Derived Vermiculites as Unstable Intermediates

Kittrick, J. A.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1973.0210608

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For Upton Wyoming and Chambers montmorillonites, both exchange data and chemical analysis were obtained from Gast (1972). For others, the tetrahedral and octahedral charges were calculated from the total elemental analysis data from 4"---1954; (10) Foster, 1963;(11) Gast, 1972;(12) Grim and Guven, 1978;(13) Kittrick, 1973;(14) Laird, 1987;(15) Lagaly, 1982;(16) Mattigod and Sposito, 1978;(17) Merriam and Thomas, 1956;(18) Norrish, 1973;(19) Senkayi et al, 1985;(20) Shirozu and Bailey, 1966;(21) Schultz, 1969;(22) Sterte and Shabtai, 1987;(23) Van Olphen and Fripiat, 1979;(24) Weaver and Pollard, 1973;(25) Weir, 1965;(26) this study.…”

Section: Layer Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali Cation Selectivity and Surface Charge of 2:1 Clay Minerals

Harsh

1992

Clays and clay miner.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract--A critical demand in environmental modeling and a desirable but elusive goal of research on the ion exchange properties of the charged solid surface has been to determine the selectivity coefficient from fundamental properties of the ions and surface. We developed a Hard and Soft Acid and Base (HSAB) Model to describe exchangeable cation selectivity on solid surfaces. Our previous work has shown that the model quantitatively describes alkali cation exchange on clay minerals in terms of the absolute etectronegativity and softness of the exchangeable cations and two fitting parameters: a and/3. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between a and/3 and surface charge characteristics of 2:1 clays. The layer charge and cation selectivity of seven smectites and one vermiculite were used. The regression of log K ~ against four combinations of charge properties was performed and the appropriate relationship between a,/3, and surface charge was selected based on both statistical criteria (R 2) and their consistency with the assumptions of the HSAB model. The selected model was then cross-validated using separate cation exchange data from the literature. It was found that a and/3 are linearly related to the amount of charge arising from mineral tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively. These results make it possible to predict the alkali cation selectivity of 2:1 clay minerals from their chemical composition data and the alkali cation properties.

show abstract

Section: Layer Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali Cation Selectivity and Surface Charge of 2:1 Clay Minerals

Harsh

1992

Clays and clay miner.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12A, C). Kittrick (1973) determined that vermiculite in soils is a fast-forming but unstable intermediate in the weathering of micas. We may be seeing in the soils of Honcut Creek the rapid transformation of fine-clay sized mica (probably biotite) to vermiculite in 10 to 40 ka, and the subsequent slow dissolution of the unstable vermiculite.…”

Section: Mineralogy Of the Clay Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Feather and Yuba rivers area, California, with a section on soil development in mixed alluvium at Honcut Creek

Busacca¹,

Singer²,

Verosub³

1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

FOREWORDThis series of reports, "Soil Chronosequences in the Western United States," attempts to integrate studies of different earth-science disciplines, including pedology, geomorphology, stratigraphy, and Quaternary geology in general.Each discipline provides information important to the others. From geomorphic relations we can determine the relative ages of deposits and soils; from stratigraphy we can place age constraints on the soils. Field investigations and mineralogic and sedimentologic studies provide information on the nature and types of deposits in which soils form. As a result of our work, we have estimated rates of soil formation, inferred processes of soil formation from trends in soil development with increasing age, and obtained information on the types of weathering that occur in various areas. In return, soil development and soil genesis have provided data on the age of landforms; the timing and duration of sedimentation, and, in some cases, the history of climatic fluctuations.Between 1978 and 1983, a coordinated and systematic study was conducted on soil development in different types of geologic deposits in the Western United States. The goals of this project, led by the late D.E. Marchand and subsequently by M.N. Machette, were to learn whether rates of chemical, physical, and mineralogic transformations could be determined from soil chronosequences; hqw these rates vary in different mineralogic and climatic environments; and how accurately soils can be used for such problems as estimating the ages of deposits, periods of landscape stability, and timing of fault movements. This series of reports presents data from several soil chronosequences of that project.More than 100 analyses on more than 1,000 samples were performed on soils collected in the Western United States. Some results have appeared in various books, journals, and maps (for example, Harden and Marchand, 1977, 1980;Burke and Birkeland, 1979;Dethier and Bethel, 1981;Marchand and Allwardt, 1981;Meixner and Singer, 1981;Busacca, 1982; Harden, 1982a,b;Harden and Taylor, 1983;Machette, 1983;Machette and Steven, 1983; Busacca and others, 1984; Machette and others, 1984;Reheis, 1984). In the reports in this series, the basic field information, geologic back&round, and analytical data are presented for each chronosequence, as well as some results additional to the previous publications.One of the most significant aspects of these chronosequence studies is that in every study area, many soil parameters change systematically over time, or with the age of deposits. As Deming (1943) emphasized, it is this recurrence of correlation in such different conditions that is most significant to geologic and pedologic studies. In relatively moist areas, such as coastal and central California, such soil properties as percent clay or reddening of soil colors change most systematically over time. In more arid regions, such as in the Bighorn basin of Wyoming, calcium carbonate and gypsum contents best reflect relative ages of the deposits. A few para...

show abstract

“…Magnesite can be readily precipitated in room temperature solutions in contact with the CO2 of the atmosphere. The shaded line in Figures 7 and 8 (Kittrick, 1973) is based upon the aG~ magnesite selected from Robie et al (1978). Because all solution analyses are undersaturated with respect to magnesite, magnesite does not appear to be controlling samples in Figures 7 and 8.…”

Section: Interstratification and Solid Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Two High-Mg and Two High-Fe Chlorites Using Multiple Equilibria

Kittrick

1982

Clays and clay miner.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract--High-Mg chlorites from Vermont and Quebec and high-Fe chlorites from Michigan and New Mexico were equilibrated at room temperature in the near-neutral pH range. Gibbsite, kaolinite, and hematite of known stability were added to the samples to control unmeasurable variables at calculable levels. Equilibrium solution compositions were obtained from undersaturation and from supersaturation. Other indicators of equilibrium were good agreement between successive analyses over a long period of time, between duplicate samples, between independent systems, and between independent measures of equilibrium. All four chlorites were stable relative to brucite and, with a few exceptions, relative to talc under the conditions of study. When in equilibrium with gibbsite, the pH -89 2+ value of the chlorites ranged from 6.3 to 6.5, at a pH4SiO4 value of 4.0. These values are in good agreement with prior estimates of chlorite stability. The calculated standard free energy of formation of the chlorites is dependent upon solution Fe z+ calculated from the sample Eh and assumed equilibrium with hematite, with the assumption that the Fe a+-Fe z+ couple is at the same Eh as the sample.

show abstract

Mica-Derived Vermiculites as Unstable Intermediates

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Alkali Cation Selectivity and Surface Charge of 2:1 Clay Minerals

Alkali Cation Selectivity and Surface Charge of 2:1 Clay Minerals

Late Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Feather and Yuba rivers area, California, with a section on soil development in mixed alluvium at Honcut Creek

Solubility of Two High-Mg and Two High-Fe Chlorites Using Multiple Equilibria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About