Micellar microwave-assisted extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a certified marine sediment

Pino, Verónica; Ayala, Juan H.; Afonso, Ana M.; González, Venerando

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01410-1

Cited by 76 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…PAHs, petroleum-and combustion-derived pollutants released from natural (forest fires) and anthropogenic sources (traffic, industrial processes, domestic heating and oil spills), were extracted using this technique from matrices such as water [5,6], seawater [7], wastewater [8], landfill leachates [9], soils [10,11], sediments [12,13], air [14,15], bitumen fumes [16], gasoline soot [17], bilge waste [18], vegetable oils [19], seaweed [20], fish [21] and human samples like blood serum [22] or urine [23]. Headspace (HS) SPME was preferred to fiber immersion when dealing with "dirtier" (particularly solid) materials and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS) was predominant in the subsequent quantification step, although liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also used [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction to quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine trees

2012

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A methodology for the extraction and quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on microwave-assisted extraction coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy was validated for needles and bark of two pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L.). The limits of detection were below 0.92 ng g(-1) (dry weight) for needles and below 0.43 ng g(-1) (dw) for bark. Recovery assays were performed with two sample masses spiked at three levels and the overall mean values were between 70 and 110 % for P. pinaster and 75 and 129 % for P. pinea. In the first species, the increase in sample mass lowered the recoveries slightly for most PAHs, whereas for the second, the recoveries were higher for the needles. Naturally contaminated samples from 4 sites were analysed, with higher levels for urban sites (1,320 and 942 ng g(-1) (dw) vs. 272 and 111 ng g(-1) (dw) for needles and 696 and 488 ng g(-1) (dw) vs. 270 and 103 ng g(-1) (dw) for bark) than for rural ones and also for P. pinaster samples over P. pinea. It is also shown that gas-phase PAHs are predominant in the needles (over 65 % of the total PAHs) and that the incidence for particulate material in bark, reaching 40 % as opposed to a maximum below 20 % for the needles. The method has proved to be fit and improved some of the existing approaches, on the assessment of particulate PAHs and bark levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction to quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine trees

2012

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“…[8][9][10] Other approaches have also been applied, such as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), 11,12 supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) 13,14 and microwaveassisted extraction (MAE). [15][16][17] Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages and the suitability depends on several factors, such as capital and operational costs, facility use, and availability of materials and equipment in the laboratory. Sometimes, an important factor to be considered is the use of a validated and consolidated method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of an analytical protocol for the extraction, fractionation and determination of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments

Ferreira¹,

Gouveia²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Neste trabalho foram aperfeiçoadas as etapas para determinação de hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e aromáticos em sedimentos. Durante as etapas de extração e concentração foram avaliados fatores determinantes como tempo, solvente extrator e sistema de resfriamento. Quanto ao cleanup, foram estudados diferentes volumes e misturas de solventes de eluição. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados aceitáveis (70-120%). A linearidade, limites de detecção e quantificação foram estudados construindo-se curvas analíticas (R > 0,99) com valores que demonstraram grande sensibilidade do método. A precisão e exatidão foram avaliadas com ensaios envolvendo material de referência certificado e adição e recuperação de analitos em sulfato de sódio. Nos testes de adição e recuperação os desvios ficaram abaixo de 20%, com recuperação dos alifáticos e aromáticos de 59-105% e 55-113%, respectivamente. Para os sedimentos de referência, os desvios obtidos foram inferiores aos valores certificados, com recuperações satisfatórias. O presente trabalho proporcionou a melhoria de um método já consolidado, possibilitando obter resultados com elevada confiabilidade analítica.The main steps involved in the determination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments were evaluated in this work. In the extraction, factors such as the cooling system, time and solvent were evaluated. During the extraction and concentration, steps aspects such as time, extraction solvent and cooling system were evaluated. In the cleanup different solvents and elution mixtures were studied. The results were considered satisfactory (70-120%). Linearity and limits of detection and quantification were studied by means of calibration curves (R > 0.90) and the results demonstrated high sensitivity of the method. Precision and accuracy were studied by recovery tests using a certified reference material and sodium sulfate. In recovery tests, the standard deviations were below 20%, with percent recoveries for aliphatic and aromatics ranging from 59 to 105% and 55 to 113%, respectively. For the reference sediment, the standard deviations were lower than the certified values, with satisfactory recovery values. The present work provided a way of improving an already established method with high analytical reliability.

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“…However, organic solvents are toxic, expensive and difficult to be degraded. Recently, studies have demonstrated the use of micellar media as an alternative to organic solvent for extracting organic pollutants from solid environmental samples [21][22][23][24]. Moreover, Huie [25,26] and Ong [27,28] proved that the surfactant solutions in ASE can effectively extract the active ingredients in medicinal plants, and avoid the degradation of thermally unstable ingredients at high temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of surfactants and microemulsions to the extraction of pyrene and phenanthrene from soil with three different extraction methods

Song

Lin

2007

Analytica Chimica Acta

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In the present work, the use of surfactants and oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions as alternative extractants in accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene and phenanthrene) from soils was investigated. In particular, the effect of each individual component within the microemulsions, i.e., oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactatnt, and extraction conditions on the percentage recovery was systematically studied. When compared to the water and organic solvent, the important findings were that the common surfactant solutions at the concentrations above their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were shown to enhance the percentage recovery at the lower extraction temperature. Moreover, the highest percentage recovery can be obtained using microemulsion as the extractant. The chemical component within the microemulsions and relative amounts of the oil phase appeared to play a much more significant role in ensuring high percentage recovery. Finally, an overall comparison between the percentage recoveries obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ASE using organic solvents, surfactants and microemulsions as extractants was exhibited.

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Micellar microwave-assisted extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a certified marine sediment

Cited by 76 publications

References 35 publications

Microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction to quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine trees

Microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction to quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine trees

Optimization of an analytical protocol for the extraction, fractionation and determination of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments

Application of surfactants and microemulsions to the extraction of pyrene and phenanthrene from soil with three different extraction methods

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