Micotoxinas en harinas derivadas de trigo y soja detectadas por prueba de Elisa

Abstract

Resumen -El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de micotoxinas en las harinas derivadas de trigo y soja expuestos a la infección de Fusarium graminearum y detectadas por prueba de Elisa. La contaminación fue evaluada durante 2010 y 2012, en condiciones de invernadero, a través de inoculaciones artificiales, y en lotes de producción en campo, expuestos a infecciones naturales. Se utilizaron 26 muestras de harinas derivadas de cariopsis de trigo y semillas de soja. La detección de micotoxinas deoxinivalenol y zearalenona se realizó por kit de Elisa. En harinas de trigo de diversos ambientes, se detectaron ambas micotoxinas -deoxinivalenol y zearalenona -, mientras que en harinas de soja sólo se detectó zearalenona. Las concentraciones de esas micotoxinas observadas en las harinas no son admisibles para el consumo humano y animal. El kit de Elisa constituyó una herramienta biotecnológica efectiva para la detección de la contaminación predominante de zearalenona, producida por F. graminearum, en harinas de trigo y soja de diferentes ambientes semicontrolados y naturales.Términos para indexación: Fusarium graminearum, Glycine max, Triticum aestivum, deoxinivalenol, zearalenona. Mycotoxins in flours derived from wheat and soybean detected by the Elisa testAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the presence of mycotoxins in flours derived from wheat caryopses and soybean seed exposed to Fusarium graminearum infection and detected by the Elisa test. Contamination was evaluated during 2010 and 2012, in greenhouse conditions, by artificial inoculation, and on field-production batches exposed to natural infections. Twenty-six samples of flours derived from wheat caryopses and soybean seeds were used. Detection of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone was performed by an Elisa kit. In wheat flour of different environments both mycotoxins -deoxynivalenol and zearalenone -were detected, while in soybean flour only zearalenone was detected. Mycotoxins concentrations observed in these flours are inappropriate for human and animal consumption. Elisa kit constituted an effective biotechnological tool for the detection of prevailing contamination by zearalenone, caused by F. graminearum in wheat and soybean flours of different, semicontrolled and natural environments.

BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG Fusarium graminearum s.l. ISOLATES FROM DIVERSE HOSTS AND ENVIRONMENTS OF ARGENTINA

“…2). Unexpectedly, the isolates obtained from the central area of Argentina as well as Poaceas, Fabacea, and Asteraceae families (Table 1) were capable of infecting spikes, caryopsis, pods and seeds of wheat and soybean, transmitting the mycotoxins to the flour of both crops (Peruzzo and Pioli, 2016).…”

“…Fusarium isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues of different plant species and locations, and grown in a potato glucose agar (20g L -1 ) medium acidified with 2 mL lactic acid L -1 (APGA) according to Peruzzo and Pioli (2016). Single macro-conidia were obtained from sporodochia formed in the colonies to promote monosporic cultures using the method described by Aoky et al (2012) andMunkvold (2017).…”

“…Refreshed colonies from Fusarium graminearum isolates, obtained from different hosts and localities, were recovered on Petri plates with APGA medium and cultured for 6 days at 26 ± 1 °C in darkness. Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA) (Khaledi et al, 2017;Hagerthy et al, 2021) and carnation-leaf agar (CLA) substrates were used to induce production of macro-conidia (anamorphic) and fruiting bodies (perytheciateleomorphic stage) (Leslie and Summerell, 2006;Peruzzo and Pioli, 2016). Besides, the radial growth rate of colonies (mm per day) was measured to detect variations among F. graminearum isolates (Castañares et al, 2014;Munkvold, 2017).…”

“…Among them, nine isolates are producing-mycotoxins in vitro or/and transmitting toxins in vivo (Table 1; Fig. 2) to the flour from contaminated grains from inoculated spikes and pods of wheat and soybean, respectively (Peruzzo and Pioli, 2016;2017). Among them, FB32, FB39, FB47, CE104/08 and CE111/04 produced deoxynivalenol (DON); FB34 and CE112/05 produced zearalenone (Zea), and CE105/02 produced both DON and ZEA (Table 1; Fig.…”

“…The infection of crops by toxicogenic strains can decrease the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds (Pioli et al, 1997) and contaminate grains and flours of cereal, oleaginous and their feeding derivates (Peruzzo et al, 2015). Therefore, Fusarium mycotoxins may constitute an important risk for plants as well as human and animal health (Peruzzo and Pioli, 2016;Martínez et al, 2020).…”