Micro-analysis of the role of interfacial transition zone in “salt weathering” on concrete

Liu, Zanqun; Schutter, Geert De; Deng, Dehua; Yu, Zhiwu

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.053

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Many different methods for the concrete degradation assessment were proposed [12,13]. For example, a borehole could be drilled in the concrete dam, and the core would be taken out to check the concrete degradation degree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sulphate Effect on Lijiaxia Concrete Dam (China) Gallery

Zhu

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Journal of Chemistry

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The concrete degradation is one of the most serious problems for a dam construct during the normal operation, which determines the dam service life. Hence, it is very important to reduce the extent of the dam concrete degradation for the safety of the dam normal operation. Here, Lijiaxia hydroelectric station is taken as an example, and a comprehensive method to assess the sulphate effect on dam gallery is proposed. Eleven samples in total were taken from three difference locations by the drill bore. The microstructural investigations including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted to assess the sulphate attack and the degradation degree. Meanwhile, the water chemical analysis was applied to reveal the mechanism of concrete degradation. The experimental and analysis results indicate that the concrete degradation degree varies with the location of the samples. The components of the concrete change and the content of SO 3 increase dramatically during degradation. Moreover, the mineral facies of the concrete change correspondingly, with the cement paste substituted by the calcite, calcium vitriol, and gypsum. The reinforcement and precaution measures are suggested based on the results of the degradation assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sulphate Effect on Lijiaxia Concrete Dam (China) Gallery

Zhu

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Journal of Chemistry

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“…18. XRD pattern of mortar [53] In summary, according to the above test results, two main conclusions can be deduced:…”

Section: Normal Concrete Partially Exposed To Na 2 So 4 and Mgso 4 Somentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17. Visual observation of normal and carbonated concrete specimens exposed to sodium sulfate solution [53] Fig. 18.…”

Section: Normal Concrete Partially Exposed To Na 2 So 4 and Mgso 4 Somentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The starting point of our tests is to find a trace of salt crystals in the concrete as a direct evidence by means of XRD, SEM and EDS [53,54] . Sulfate crystals can be easily identified in stone [23,55] .…”

Section: Our Tests [53 54]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure conditions of "salt weathering" on concrete are different from the full immersion tests. According to the XRD analysis, the results of long term field tests and indoor tests indicated that gypsum likely was the main reaction products and responsible for the concrete damage [2,45,46,53] . Certainly, the mechanism of chemical sulfate attack should be further and systematically studied.…”

Section: Study Of Chemical Sulfate Attack Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

"Salt Weathering" Distress on Concrete by Sulfates?

Liu¹,

Schutter²,

Deng³

et al. 2012

Advances in Crystallization Processes

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Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions, part II: weathering and biological influences on evaporative cooling and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions as an example of biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering

Coombes

Naylor

2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The way in which rocks and engineering materials heat-up and dry-out in the intertidal zone is of relevance to both weathering and ecology. These behaviours can be measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions designed to replicate those occurring in the field. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in thermal behaviours between rock types and through time as a result of soiling in terrestrial environments, but the influence of weathering and colonization on rock behaviours in the intertidal zone has not been previously assessed.We measured the warming and drying of blocks of rock (limestone and granite) and marine concrete during 'low-tide' events simulated in the laboratory, before and after a period of exposure (eight months) on rock platforms in Cornwall, UK. As well as differences between the material types, temperatures of control (unexposed) and field-exposed blocks differed in the order of 1 to 2 C. Drying behaviours were also different after field exposure. Differences during the first few hours of exposure to air and heat were attributed to discolouration and albedo effects. Over longer periods of time, changes in the availability of near-surface pore water as a result of micro-scale bioerosion of limestone and the development of bio-chemical crusts on marine concrete [observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] are suggested as mechanisms enhancing and reducing, respectively, the efficiency of evaporative cooling. The retention of moisture by epilithic biofilms may also influence thermal and drying behaviours of granite.These observations represent one of the first examples of cross-scalar biogeomorphic linkages in the intertidal zone. The significance of the results for the subsequent efficiency of weathering, and near-surface micro-climatic conditions experienced by colonizing organisms is discussed. The involvement of microorganisms in the creation of more (or less) ecologically stressful conditions through the alteration of substratum geomorphic properties and behaviours is suggested as an example of 'biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering'.

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Micro-analysis of the role of interfacial transition zone in “salt weathering” on concrete

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

The Sulphate Effect on Lijiaxia Concrete Dam (China) Gallery

The Sulphate Effect on Lijiaxia Concrete Dam (China) Gallery

"Salt Weathering" Distress on Concrete by Sulfates?

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions, part II: weathering and biological influences on evaporative cooling and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions as an example of biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering

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