Micro- and macroalgae blend modulates the mucosal and systemic immune responses of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) upon infection with Tenacibaculum maritimum

Ferreira, Mariana; Machado, Marina Guimarães Carvalho; Mota, Cátia S.C.; Abreu, Helena; Silva, Joana; Maia, Margarida R.G.; Kiron, Viswanath; Costas, Benjamín; Valente, Luísa M.P.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739222

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Since this challenge model was also able to successfully induce tenacibaculosis clinical signs and mortality in the bacteria exposed fish, it is suggested that immersion challenge (with a 2 h period of bacterial exposure) is an effective method to experimentally reproduce this disease in European sea bass. Similar mortality traits were also observed in previous studies following the same immersion challenge procedure ( 56 , 57 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In this same study, the ACC13.1 T. maritimum strain (the same used in the present study) (9.6 × 10 5 cells mL −1 ) lead to cumulative mortalities of approximately 50% in Senegalese sole. In the last years, immersion challenge has been frequently used as a reliable method to experimentally reproduce tenacibaculosis in fish ( 52 – 57 ). In the present study, a mortality rate of 32.1% was obtained for the bath-challenged fish, while displaying tenacibaculosis clinical signs (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early innate immune responses in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) following Tenacibaculum maritimum infection

Ferreira,

Peixoto,

Losada

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionThe marine aquaculture industry has been witnessing a worldwide emergence of tenacibaculosis, a poorly understood bacterial disease caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum that affects commercially important fish. So far, knowledge on the T. maritimum virulence mechanisms is scarce and the pathogen-host interaction operating in tenacibaculosis remain to be disclosed. This study aimed at contributing to a better understanding of this disease, by evaluating the early innate immune response triggered in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by a bath-challenge with T. maritimum.MethodsGroups of sea bass were bath-challenged with T. maritimum (challenged fish) or mock-challenged. Undisturbed fish were used as controls (time 0). Samples of blood, liver and mucosal organs (skin, gills and posterior-intestine) were collected at 0 h (control) and at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge (n=12). Mucosal organs were used for analyzing the expression of immune-related genes by RT-qPCR, as well as blood samples for assessing haematological and innate humoral parameters and liver for oxidative stress assessment.ResultsAn increased expression of il-1β, il8, mmp9 and hamp1 was detected in all mucosal organs of infected fish when compared with control and mock-challenged fish, suggesting a pro-inflammatory response against T. maritimum transversal to all organs. The faster induction of these pro-inflammatory genes was observed in the gills. Regarding the systemic response, challenged fish presented neutrophilia, monocytosis, signs of anemia, and a decrease of bactericidal and lysozyme activities in plasma. Almost no variations were observed regarding hepatic oxidative stress.Discussion/ConclusionsThe present study suggests that T. maritimum induces a local innate immune response upon bath infection not only in the skin of European sea bass, but also in the gills and posterior-intestine, likely triggered by the T. maritimum’s capacity to adhere, colonize and damage these organs that can function as entry ways to bacteria, leading ultimately to the seen host’s systemic response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early innate immune responses in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) following Tenacibaculum maritimum infection

Ferreira,

Peixoto,

Losada

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Total RNA was extracted from the different intestinal sections (~ 30 mg; n = 16 per treatment), using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA) and NZY Total RNA Isolation kit (NZYTech, Portugal), according to the method described by Ferreira et al 31 . The quantity and purity of the extracted RNA were spectrophotometrically evaluated, while RNA integrity was assessed using an agarose electrophoresis gel as previously described 17 . Using 1 μg of RNA, first strand cDNA was synthesized, and real-time (RT) PCR assays were performed on a CFX384 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) with SsoAdvanced Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using 1 μg of RNA, first strand cDNA was synthesized, and real-time (RT) PCR assays were performed on a CFX384 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) with SsoAdvanced Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). Following the protocol described by Ferreira et al 17 , reactions were performed in duplicate. The employed thermal cycling conditions were: 95 °C for 30 s, followed by 35 cycles of two steps of 95 °C for 5 s and 60 °C for 30 s. The specificity of the RT-PCR reaction was ensured by a post-amplification dissociation curve, while PCR efficiency for each gene was determined using a fivefold serial dilution of cDNA from all the samples used in the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrated approaches, by combining histomorphometric indices and molecular biomarkers, can provide valuable information about the effects of novel feed ingredients on the morphology and functions of the intestine of farmed fish 15 – 17 . It should be noted, however, that morphologic traits can differ among species and along their intestinal tract, and studies on intestinal features still rely on traditional and laborious methods that largely vary among studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in-depth characterisation of European seabass intestinal segments for assessing the impact of an algae-based functional diet on intestinal health

Ferreira

Sousa

Oliveira

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Sustainable farming of fish species depends on emerging new feed ingredients, which can alter the features of the digestive tract and influence animals’ overall health. Recent research has shown that functional feeds hold great potential for enhancing fish robustness by evoking appropriate responses at the intestine level. However, there is a lack of extensive and accurate descriptions of the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract of most farmed fish. We have characterised the intestine of European seabass thoroughly, by targeting four segments − anterior, mid, posterior and rectum. Results indicated that the anterior segment is mostly associated with absorption-related features; this segment has the largest absorptive area, the longest villi, and the highest number of neutral goblet cells (GC). The posterior segment and rectum have distinct histomorphometric features, but both seem to be important for immunity, displaying the highest count of acid GC and the highest expression of immune-related genes. The strongest proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) signal was observed in the anterior intestine and rectum, with PCNA+ cells appearing at the base of the villi and the corresponding villi branches. We have also evaluated the impact of a novel feed supplemented with a macro- and microalgae blend and found that there were no differences in terms of growth. However, the alterations observed in the mid intestine of fish fed the blend, such as thickening of the submucosa and lamina propria, an increased number of leucocytes, and higher expression of immune- and oxidative stress-related genes, suggest that algae may have an immunomodulatory effect. In the current article, we have described the morphology and expression patterns of the intestine segments of European seabass in detail and have presented a comprehensive report of the indices and methods used for the semi-quantitative and quantitative histomorphometric assessments, thereby providing useful information for future studies that aim to maintain intestinal health through dietary interventions.

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Resistance of Nile tilapia fed with Padina boergesenii extract to Pseudomonas putida infection

Bakry,

Nasr,

Al-Amgad

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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The aim of this research was to estimate the immunopotentiation effect of brown algae Padina boergesenii water extract on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus through resistance to Pseudomonas putida infection. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry was utilized to characterize the seaweed phytoconstituents. One hundred and twenty-six fish were divided in triplicates into two equal groups corresponding to two diet variants that used to feed Nile tilapia for 20 successive days: a basal (control), and P. boergesenii water extract supplemented group. Fish samples were collected at 10-days intervals throughout the experiment. Serum biochemical constituents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and some immune related genes expression of the spleen and intestinal tissues of experimental fish were studied, as well as histological examination of fish immune tissues. Moreover, following 20 days of feeding, the susceptibility of Nile tilapia to P. putida infection was evaluated to assess the protective effect of the used extract. The findings indicated that the studied parameters were significantly increased, and the best immune response profiles were observed in fish fed P. boergesenii water extract for 20 successive days. A bacterial challenge experiment using P. putida resulted in higher survival within the supplemented fish group than the control. Thus, the lowered post-challenge mortality of the fish may be related to the protection provided by the stimulation of the innate immune system, reduced oxidative stress by higher activity of TAC, and elevated levels of expression of iterleukin-1beta (IL-1β), beta-defensin (β-defensin), and natural killer-lysin (NKl). Moreover, the constituents of the extract used showed potential protective activity for histological features of the supplemented fish group when compared to the control. Collectively, this study presents a great insight on the protective role of P. boergesenii water extract as an additive in Nile tilapia feed which suggests its potential for improving the immune response against P. putida infection.

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Micro- and macroalgae blend modulates the mucosal and systemic immune responses of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) upon infection with Tenacibaculum maritimum

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Early innate immune responses in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) following Tenacibaculum maritimum infection

Early innate immune responses in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) following Tenacibaculum maritimum infection

An in-depth characterisation of European seabass intestinal segments for assessing the impact of an algae-based functional diet on intestinal health

Resistance of Nile tilapia fed with Padina boergesenii extract to Pseudomonas putida infection

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